Structural assemblies

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) database is a collection of more than half a million structures, assembled by NCI s Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) or its predecessors in the course of NCTs anti-cancer screening efforts that started in the late 1950s (plus the more recent anti-HIV screening) [37-39]. Approximately half of this database is publicly available without any usage restrictions, and is therefore called the "Open NCI Database. For each of these structures (more than 250 000) the DTP record contains at least the chemical structure as a coimection table and an NCI accession number, the NSC number. 

Kielty, C.M., Hopkinson, 1., Grant, M.E. Collagen structure, assembly and organization in the extracellular matrix. In Connective Tissue and its Heritable Disorders Wiley-Liss, Chichester, pp. 103-147, 1993. 

To resolve this problem, Rickborn made an ingenious proposal that implicated the intermediacy of a bimetallic transition structure assembly v involving a bridging Znl2 molecule (Fig. 3.5). This would accommodate the needed spatial requirements of the methylene transfer process. The importance of the polymetallic re-... 

Understanding mechanisms controlling metabolon localization in plastids of different membrane architectures Little is known about metabolon structure, assembly, and membrane targeting. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway exists on plastid membranes. However, plastids have different membrane architectures and therefore tissue- and plastid-specific differences in membrane targeting of the biosynthetic metabolon can be expected. Localization in chloroplasts that harbor both thylakoid and envelope membranes differs from the envelope membranes in endosperm amy-loplasts. In fact, localization on both thylakoid and envelope membranes implies that the carotenoid pathway is really not a single pathway, but a duplicated pathway that may very well have membrane-specific roles with regard to functions in primary and secondary metabolism. 

This has been exploited in the elegant work of Alivisatos etal. (182) and Mirkin and co-workers (168,183-185) who have used DNA-recognition processes to organize Au nanoparticles into structured assemblies. The... 

Fig. 2 Illustration of protein structure levels. Shown are primary structure (amino acid sequence), secondary structure (local order of protein chain, a-helix shown as an example), tertiary structure (assembly of secondary structure elements), and quaternary structure (relationship of different protein chain in multisubunit protein). (From Ref. 66.)...

Develop and process materials in which complex structural assembly occurs spontaneously or with minimal guidance and in useful time-scales to produce durable systems with diverse utility. 

Functional Structures Assembled from Nanoscale Building Blocks... 

FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES ASSEMBLED FROM NANOSCALE BUILDING BLOCKS... 

Hydroxylation Important to the structural assembly of certain proteins... 

Herrmann, H. and Aebi, U. Intermediate filaments molecular structure, assembly mechanism, and integration into functionally distinct intracellular Scaffolds. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 73 749-789, 2004. 

To understand the role of silk protein design and -structure assembly, it is important to consider the exact sequence of events in the aggregation... 

Finally, we point out that further structural assemblies exist in the construction of linear metallic frames (such as Au3 and AU5,50 Pd3 and Pd4,51 Ir4 26), but no pertinent electrochemical investigations on their electron transfer ability have been carried out. 

Recently, microscopic-level research has developed very small carbon networks called nanotubes. As you can see in Figure 4.19D, nanotubes are like a fullerene network that has been stretched into a cylinder shape. Nanotubes of C400 and higher may have applications in the manufacture of high-strength fibres. In the year 2000, researchers built a nanotube with a diameter of 4 x 10 m. Up to that time, this nanotube was the smallest structure assembled. 

Fig. 20. Packing interactions between NCP molecules, which are a consequence of crystallization, nevertheless provide hints for higher order chromatin structure assembly, (a) Histone-histone interactions shown at the site of the cacodylate ion. In addition to binding interactions with the cacodylate ion, the N-terminal tail is involved in significant interactions with the patch of acidic residues on the dimer face of the neighbor NCP. The orientation of the dyad alternates between the two NCP molecules, (b) DNA base stacking is continuous between neighboring NCP molecules in the crystal lattice as the DNA exits one NCP and enters the next. The stacking interaction is strong enough to force a shift in the terminal phosphates for adjoining 5 termini.

In this chapter, we review the current knowledge of the structure, assembly and function of the 20S proteasome and its regulators in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 

Structure, assembly and enzymatic mechanism of the 20S complex have been elucidated, but the functional organization of the 26S proteasome is... 

Zhao X, Wang XZ, Jiang XK, Chen YQ, Li ZT, Chen GJ. Hydrazide-based quadruply hydrogen-bonded heterodimers, structure, assembling selectivity, and supramolecular substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2003 125 15128-15139. 

Wu L.-Q, Payne GF (2004) Biofabrication the use of biological materials and biocatalysts to construct nano structured assemblies. Trends Biotechnol 22 593-599... 

The GABAa receptor has a pentameric structure assembled from five subunits (each with four membrane-spanning... 

Augustin, M.A., Hemar, Y. (2009). Nano- and micro-structured assemblies for encapsulation of food ingredients. Chemical Society Reviews, 38, 902-912. 

FIGURE 19-43 A phycobilisome. In these highly structured assemblies found in cyanobacteria and red algae, phycobilin pigments bound to specific proteins form complexes called phycoerythrin (PE), phycocyanin (PC), and allophycocyanin (AP). The energy of photons absorbed by PE or PC is conveyed through AP (a phycocyanobilin-binding protein) to chlorophyll a of the reaction center by exciton transfer, a process discussed in the text. 

---