Stress response in plants

Young A and Britton G. 1990. Carotenoids and stress. In Alscher RG and Cumming JR, editors. Stress Responses in Plants Adaptation and Acclimation Mechanisms. Plant Biology, Volume 12. New York Wiley-Liss. 

Shank, K.J., Su, P., Brglez, I., Boss, W.F., Dewey, R.E., and Boston, R.S., 2001, Induction of lipid metabolic enzymes during the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in plants. Plant Physiol. 126 267-277. 

Impa SM., Nadaradjan S., Jagadish SVK. Drought Stress Induced Reactive Oxygen Species and Anti-oxidants in Plants. In Ahmad P., Prasad MNV. (ed.) Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants Metabolism, Productivity and Sustainability, Springer Sriencer Business Media 2012, p. 131-147. 

Kotak, S., J. Larkindale, U. Lee, P. von Koskull-Doring, E. Vierling, and K.D. Scharf. 2007. Complexity of the heat stress response in plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 10 310-316. 

Czarnecka, E., Edelman, L., Schoffl, F. Key, J.L. (1984). Comparative analysis of physical stress responses in soybean seedlings using cloned heat shock cDNAs. Plant Molecular Biology, 3, 45-58. 

F. J. Romera and E. Alcantara. Iron-deliciency stress responses in cucumber (Ciiciimis sativiis L.) roots. Plant Physiol. 705 1133 (1994). 

He, X.Z., Reddy, J.T., and Dixon, R.A., Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). XXII. cDNA cloning and characterization of an elicitor-inducible isofiavone 7-0-methyltransferase. Plant Mol Biol, 36, 43, 1998. 

Phenolic compounds may be involved in plant responses to cold stress and in plant acclimation to low temperature. Acclimation of apple trees to cold climates was found to be associated with a seasonal accumulation of chlorogenic acid [102]. Strengthened frost tolerance in a variety of plants were attributed to thicker cell-wall lignification or suberization [102]. Thickening of cell walls and increased production of suberin-type lipids were observed in cold-acclimated winter rye leaves [103]. The presence of suberin in cell walls may favour membrane cell-wall adhesion, a major factor in the resistance of plant cells to freezing [104]. 

Nitrate Reductase Activity. There are similarities between induced nitrate reductase activity and induced iron stress response. In both, biochemical reactions are induced, and a substrate is reduced N03 to N02 by nitrate reductase and Fe3+ to Fe2+ by a reductant activated in response to iron stress. Chemical reactions induced by iron stress increased the use of iron, and simultaneously increased nitrate reductase activity in roots (Figure 5) and in tops of iron-efficient tomato. This induced nitrate reductase activity declined when iron was made available to the plants. 

Williams, M.E., Torabinejad, J., Cohick, E., Parker, K., Drake, E.J., Thompson, J.E., Hortter, M., Dewald, D.B., 2005, Mutations in the Arabidopsis phosphoinositide phosphatase gene SAC9 lead to over accumulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and constitutive expression of the stress-response pathway. Plant Physiol. 138 686-700. 

Chalker-Scott, L., Fuchigami, L. H. 1989. The role of phenolic compounds in plant stress responses. In Low Temperature Stress Physiology in Crops. P. H. Li (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton Florida, pp. 68-76. 

The results to date indicate that phytoalexin synthesis is a common mechanism of disease resistance in higher plants Whether all plants will eventually yield positive results in this bloassay remains to be seen. It is our experience that there are still technical difficulties in establishing phytoalexin production in many plants and further development of appropriate methodology is essential The separation of the phytoalexin response from the more general stress response of plants is also not easy and this needs to be considered in future experimental design. 

However, efforts to improve crop performance under environmental stresses have not yet been very fruitful, mainly because the fundamental mechanisms of stress tolerance in plants remain to be completely understood. A genetic approach to the development of specific stress-tolerant crop varieties requires as a pre-requisite the identification of key genetic determinants of stress tolerance-related genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL). The existence of salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) and differences in salt tolerance between genotypes within salt-sensitive plant (gly-cophytes) species clearly indicates that there is a genetic basis to salt response. 

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