Stress gender differences

Garda-Herrero et al. 2012b. Influence of task demands on occupational stress gender differences. Safety science 43 (1) 365-374. 

Evaluation of data on subjective reports on reasons for smoking indicates that women smoke for stress reduction and men for stimulation (Best and Hakstian 1978 Frith 1971 Spielberger 1986 Ikard and Tomkins 1973), implying that there may be gender differences regarding the motivation for smoking. However, the validity of self-reports is questionable and empirical evidence based on physiological measures does not support these observations. 

Bland RC, Orn H, Newman SC (1988b) Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Acta Psychiatr Scand 77(Suppl 338) 24-32 Bourdon KH, Boyd JH, Rae DS, Burns BJ, Thompson JW, Locke BZ (1988) Gender differences in phobias results of the ECA community study. J Anxiety Disord 2 227-241 Breslau N, KUbey MM, Andreski P (1994) DSM-lll-R nicotine dependence in yoimg adults prevalence, correlates and associated psychiatric disorders. Addiction 89 743-754 Bromet E, Sonnega A, Kessler RC (1998) Risk factors for DSM-lll-R posttraumatic stress disorder findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Epidemiol 147 353-361 Brown TA, Barlow DH (2002) Classification of anxiety and mood disorders. In Barlow D (ed) Anxiety and its disorders the nature and treatment of anxiety and panic, 2nd edn. Guillford Press, New York, pp 292-327... 

M8. Marra, G., Cotroneo, P., Pitocco, D., Manto, A., Di Leo, M. A., Ruotolo, V., Caputo, S., Giardina, B., Ghirlanda, G., and Santini, S. A., Early increase of oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant defenses in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes A case for gender difference. Diabetes Care 25, 370-375 (2002). 

Gender differences Women 2X Men (stress of childbirth, hormonal effects, abused as children) Rates are effectively equal... 

The diffeiences between the two work organizations were particularly pronounced for womerr The female workers had higher mean norepinephrine levels in repetitive assembly line work than in the flexible work situation, whereas the corresponding stress levels of men did not diOer markedly. This gender difference was even more pronoimced in the data collected afler the work sUfl, that is, while unwinding at home. 

Current evidence identifies a number of effect modifiers in children social stress and environmental enrichment gender differences race as a factor may operate through higher exposures in U.S. African-American children. Similarly, socioeconomic status affects both race/ethnicity outcomes and relative Pb exposures studies adjusting for exposure differences report effect modification bySES... 

Daily energy requirements are 20 to 25 kcal/kg for healthy adults, 25 to 30 kcal/kg for malnourished or metabolically stressed adults, and 30 to 40 kcal/kg for adults with major burns. Unfortunately, this simple approach fails to consider age- and gender-related differences in energy metabolism. 

Wang, X., Desai, K., Juurlink, B.H., de Champlain, J., and Wu, L. 2006. Gender-related differences in advanced glycation endproducts, oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide synthases in rats. Kidney Int 69 281-287. 

---