Streptococcus pyogenes skin infections

Key words Subcutaneous inoculation, Streptococcus pyogenes, skin and soft tissue infection. 

Moderate to severe uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. 2glV q 12 h 10... 

Skin and skin structure infections- Skin and skin structure infections, including abscesses, cellulitis, infected skin ulcers, and wound infections caused by S. aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains) Streptococcus pyogenes, group D streptococcus including . faecalis, Acinetobacter sp. including iA. calcoaceticus] Citrobactersp.] E. coli] Enterobacter cloacae, K. pneumoniae]... 

Compiicated skin and skin structure infections Caused by Staphyiococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains only). Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coii, or Peptostreptococcus sp. 

Complicated skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) For the treatment of complicated SSSIs caused by S. aureus (methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains). Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. It has not been studied in the treatment of diabetic foot and decubitus ulcers. 

Mupirocin (Bactroban) inhibits a specific enzyme responsible for tRNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria. This drug is used topically to treat skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Likewise, mupirocin can be administered by nasal spray to treat local colonization of S. aureus in the nasal mucosa. This idea may be especially helpful in preventing systemic infection in individuals such as health care workers who are exposed to an outbreak of resistant strains of S. aureus. Local/topical administration of this drug is well tolerated, although some irritation of the skin may occur during topical use, and cough and respiratory irritation can occur when mupirocin is administered by nasal spray. 

Clarithromycin is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate upper and lower respiratory tract infections as well as skin infections caused by susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The usual dosage is 250 to 500 mg twice a day for 7 to 14 days. 

Cellulitis results when the integrity of the skin is broken due to an abrasion, ulceration, skin puncture, or surgical wound. Moderate to severe infections can progress to more serious infections such as osteomyelitis if not adequately treated. Cellulitis is most commonly caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Staphylococcus aureus. Wound cultures have a very low yield and rarely identify the causative pathogen. Thus, cultures are rarely done and therapy is usually presumptive. 

Indications Secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions due to susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, impetigo Category Antibiotic, topical Half-life N/A... 

Erysipelas is a superficial skin infection with extensive lymphatic involvement that is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and is treated with penicillin. Serious infections should be treated with intravenous antibiotics. 

Azithromycin, an azalide macrolide antibiotic (500 mg p.o. as a single dose on day 1, followed by 250 mg daily on days 2 to 5 total accumulation dose is 1.5 g), is indicated in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae mild community-acquired pneumonia caused by H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or S. agalactiae second-line therapy of pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes and in nongonococcal urethritis or cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. 

Mupirocin is an antibiotic agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It is indicated in treatment of impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (topical ointment) and treatment of secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions (up to 10 cm in length or 100 cm in area). 

Quinupristin/dalfopristin is a streptogramin. Quinupristin inhibits the late phase of protein synthesis dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis. It is indicated in the treatment of serious or life-threatening infections associated with VREF treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible) or Streptococcus pyogenes. 

A drug combination of the streptogramins, quinupristin and dalfopristin was approved for IV use in the treatment of infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia as well as skin/skin structure infections caused by MRSAand methicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pyogenes. Certain strains of E. faecium are resistant to essentially all... 

Outbreaks of bacterial infections in pork processing factories have shown that cuts on the skin made with bone were the most common port of entry of infection (Barnham and Kerby 1981). Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were the causative organisms. Nail-biting was suspected as one important cause of transmission of Staphylococcus aureus. Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes affected 46 of 194 workers in an outbreak that lasted 7 months (Sims and Riordan 1996). 

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