Antibiotics agents

The antibiotic agents may destroy or prevent the germs or parasites, without creating any injury to the host cell, or with only minimum toxicity to the host. 

Kim EJ, Kim KS, Shin WH. Electrophysiological safety of DW-286a, a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic agent. Hum Exp Toxicol 2005 24 19-25. 

Quinone methides have been shown to be important intermediates in chemical synthesis,1 2 in lignin biosynthesis,3 and in the activity of antitumor and antibiotic agents.4 They react with many biologically relevant nucleophiles including alcohols,1 thiols,5-7 nucleic acids,8-10 proteins,6 11 and phosphodiesters.12 The reaction of nucleophiles with ortho- and /iara-quinone methides is pH dependent and can occur via either acid-catalyzed or uncatalyzed pathways.13-17 The electron transfer chemistry that is typical of the related quinones does not appear to play a role in the nucleophilic reactivity of QMs.18... 

The choice of an antibiotic agent for acute bacterial conjunctivitis is largely empiric. The initial treatment needs to include Staphylococcus coverage, but also may be chosen on the basis of cost and side-effect profile.13,14 In general, ointments are a good dosage form for children. Adults prefer drops because they do not interfere with vision.14... 

To ensure the safety of your selected antibiotic agent(s),... 

Because the progression of infection in neutropenic patients can be rapid, empirical antibiotic therapy should be administered quickly to such patients once fever is documented. Currently, the most commonly used initial antibiotic agent is cefipime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin that has good antipseudomonal coverage as well as adequate coverage against viridans streptococci and pneumococci.23... 

Only patients with severe AP complicated by necrosis should receive infection prophylaxis with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Agents that cover the range of enteric aerobic gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic organisms should be started within the first 48 hours and continued for 2 to 3 weeks. Imipenem-cilastatin (500 mg every 8 hours) may be most effective a fluoroquinolone (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) with metronidazole should be considered for penicillin-allergic patients. 

Rebeccamycin is an antitumor or antibiotic agent isolated from bacteria " and contains a maleimide indolocarbazole framework. The Trp units in this molecule are chlorinated at the C-7 position and a flavin-dependent halogenase was identified as the enzyme that carries out this chlorination (Scheme 10). " There are many other halogenating enzymes known in the literature and these enzymes are responsible for the syntheses of metabolites containing bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. ... 

Rebeccamycin - antitumor and antibiotic agents (topoisomerase i inhibitor)... 

Mupirocin is an antibiotic agent available only for topical use. It is indicated for use in Gram-positive skin infections. Mupirocin should not be used for more than 10 days, to prevent the emergence of resistance. 

The chemical synthesis of derivatives and emalogs has long coimnanded much interest, as such compounds are required for the study of structure—activity relationships in the action of trehalases (23,28), may serve as substitutes for 51 in the synthesis of cord-factor analogs to be used as probes in the field of mycobacterial biochemistry (29, 30), and could possibly prove to possess interesting properties as enzyme inhibitors or antibiotic agents. 

Figure 7.3 Metabolic cleavage ofthe antibiotic agent prontosil to form the bioactive sulfonamide.

Weishlum B. (1995). Erythromycin resistance by ribosome modification. Antibiotic Agents and Chemotherapy 39 577-585. 

Another group of blood tests involves bacteriological techniques. Blood and bone marrow samples are obtained under aseptic precautions and introduced into a variety of artificial culture media, with subsequent isolation and identification of the specific microorganism responsible for the illness. Relative susceptibility of the specific strain of bacteria to the available chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents may then be determined and the effectiveness of such agents in sterilizing the blood-stream can be determined by further blood cultures. 

A carbene intermediate (28) was proposed in the photo-decomposition of the antibiotic agent lomefloxacin.39 Treatment of isoxazole-containing tetrachlorocyclo-propanes such as (29) with MeLi gave rise to 1-aza fulvenes via postulated vinylcarbene intermediates (30).40... 

Anti-infectious agents also play a key role in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, and respiratory infections are treated with appropriate antibiotic agents.16 89 In particular, azithromycin has shown considerable... 

One of the emerging biological and biomedical application areas for vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics is the characterization and discrimination of different types of microorganisms [74]. A recent review of various FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometry) techniques describes such chemometrics methods as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and artificial neural networks (ANN) for use in taxonomical classification, discrimination according to susceptibility to antibiotic agents, etc. [74],... 

Sadick NS. Systemic antibiotic agents. Dermatol. Clin., 2001,19, 1-21. 

The /8-lactam antibiotics are a broad class of antibiotics which include penicfllin derivatives, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems and /8-lactamase inhibitors that is, any antibiotic agent that contains a /3-lactam nucleus in its molecular structure (Figure 20.1). They are the most widely-used group of antibiotics. 

Qo site inhibitors of class 1 have been discovered during a systematic search for new antibiotic agents from basidiomycetes which was started in 1976 [9], The fungicidal activity of strobilurin A and the localization of its site of action in the respiratory chain... 

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