Streptococcus pyogenes infections caused

Pharyngitis is an acute infection of the oropharynx or nasopharynx that results in 1% to 2% of all outpatient visits. While viral causes are most common, Group A /J-hemolytic Streptococcus, or Streptococcus pyogenes, is the primary bacterial cause. 

Most infections are caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Penicillin (oral or intravenous depending on clinical severity) is the drug of choice. 

Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are all microorganisms that can cause otitis media. Enterobius vermicularis is a threadworm leading to an infection characterised by itchy anus and the presence of white worms. 

Moderate to severe uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. 2glV q 12 h 10... 

Skin and skin structure infections- Skin and skin structure infections, including abscesses, cellulitis, infected skin ulcers, and wound infections caused by S. aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains) Streptococcus pyogenes, group D streptococcus including . faecalis, Acinetobacter sp. including iA. calcoaceticus] Citrobactersp.] E. coli] Enterobacter cloacae, K. pneumoniae]... 

Compiicated skin and skin structure infections Caused by Staphyiococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains only). Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coii, or Peptostreptococcus sp. 

Complicated skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) For the treatment of complicated SSSIs caused by S. aureus (methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains). Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. It has not been studied in the treatment of diabetic foot and decubitus ulcers. 

Mupirocin (Bactroban) inhibits a specific enzyme responsible for tRNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria. This drug is used topically to treat skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Likewise, mupirocin can be administered by nasal spray to treat local colonization of S. aureus in the nasal mucosa. This idea may be especially helpful in preventing systemic infection in individuals such as health care workers who are exposed to an outbreak of resistant strains of S. aureus. Local/topical administration of this drug is well tolerated, although some irritation of the skin may occur during topical use, and cough and respiratory irritation can occur when mupirocin is administered by nasal spray. 

In addition to S. pneumoniae, the viridans group of streptococci is also developing resistance to penicillin through the same mechanism, altered penicillin-binding proteins. In contrast, resistance has not developed in Streptococcus pyogenes, and both penicillins G and V are antibiotics of choice for systemic infections caused by this organism. 

Clarithromycin is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate upper and lower respiratory tract infections as well as skin infections caused by susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The usual dosage is 250 to 500 mg twice a day for 7 to 14 days. 

In 11 cases of necrotizing fasciitis (which is usually caused by Streptococcus pyogenes) NSAIDs were suspected to have predisposed to the infection and/or to have caused its fulminant evolution (SEDA-12, 79). Sporadic cases continue to be reported (214), but a causal link between this severe infection and NSAIDs is far from proven (215). 

Cellulitis results when the integrity of the skin is broken due to an abrasion, ulceration, skin puncture, or surgical wound. Moderate to severe infections can progress to more serious infections such as osteomyelitis if not adequately treated. Cellulitis is most commonly caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Staphylococcus aureus. Wound cultures have a very low yield and rarely identify the causative pathogen. Thus, cultures are rarely done and therapy is usually presumptive. 

Erysipelas is a superficial skin infection with extensive lymphatic involvement that is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and is treated with penicillin. Serious infections should be treated with intravenous antibiotics. 

The high mortality associated with this pandemic was primarily due to the pneumonia, which so often followed the initial infection. This was sometimes caused by the influenza virus itself, but was more often due to the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. This invaded the already damaged lungs and produced a fulminating inflammatory condition, which led to respiratory collapse and death. With the advent of the sulfonamides in 1935, and subsequently, the penicillins and other antibiotics from 1945, the likelihood of such a high mortality rate from bacterial pneumonia in future pandemics was much reduced. 

Azithromycin, an azalide macrolide antibiotic (500 mg p.o. as a single dose on day 1, followed by 250 mg daily on days 2 to 5 total accumulation dose is 1.5 g), is indicated in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae mild community-acquired pneumonia caused by H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or S. agalactiae second-line therapy of pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes and in nongonococcal urethritis or cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. 

Mupirocin is an antibiotic agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It is indicated in treatment of impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (topical ointment) and treatment of secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions (up to 10 cm in length or 100 cm in area). 

Quinupristin/dalfopristin is a streptogramin. Quinupristin inhibits the late phase of protein synthesis dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis. It is indicated in the treatment of serious or life-threatening infections associated with VREF treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible) or Streptococcus pyogenes. 

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