Stimulant expectorant

Expectorants enhance the production of respiratory tract fluid and thus faciUtate the mobilisation and discharge of bronchial secretions. Historically, expectorants have been divided iato two classes based on specific mechanisms of action. Stimulant expectorants iacrease respiratory tract secretion by a direct effect on the bronchial secretory cells. Sedative expectorants act by gastric reflex stimulation. Many compounds classed as expectorants have been iaadequately studied and the mechanisms of action are not known with certainty. 

Guaiacols. Cresote, obtained from the pyrolysis of beechwood, and its active principles guaiacol [90-05-1] (1) and cresol [93-51-6] (2) have long been used ia expectorant mixtures. The compounds are usually classed as direct-acting or stimulant expectorants, but their mechanisms of action have not been well studied. Cresol is obtained by the Clemmensen reduction of vanillin (3), whereas guaiacol can be prepared by a number of methods including the mercuric oxide oxidation of lignin (qv) (4), the ziac chloride reduction of acetovanillone (5), and the diazotization and hydrolysis of o-anisidine (6). 

United States. Fluid extract of the resin is taken orally as an emmenagogue, a stimulating expectorant, an anthelmintic, an aphrodisiac, and a stimulant to the brain and nerves. It is claimed to be a powerful antispasmodic . ... 

Mexico. Decoction of the bark and dried branches is taken orally as an abortive and for diabetes. Decoction of the dried root is taken orally by pregnant humans as an abortive and for diabetes . Infusion of the shade-dried entire plant is taken orally to treat infectious diseases ". Decoction of the dried leaf is taken orally for treatment of diabetes. Hot water extract of the dried leaf is taken orally as a blood purifier to treat kidney problems, urinary tract infections, and frigidity for gallstones, rheumatism and arthritis, diabetes, wounds, and skin injuries, displacement of the womb, and paralysis and to dissolve tumors 5 United States. Hot water extract of the dried leaf is taken orally as a stimulating expectorant and tonic, for tuberculosis, and is drank by Indians of the Southwest for bowel cramps, as a diuretic, and for venereal disease. Hot water extract of the dried leaf is used externally for wound healing . Hot water extract of the dried plant is taken orally for cancer. Effects described are from multicomponent reaction ". 

N.A. Coumarins, polyacetylenes, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, saponins.185 A stimulant, expectorant herb for the bronchial system. Treat tuberculosis. 

Action Carminative, stimulant, expectorant, diaphoretic, diuretic. 

Ext. Senegs Fluidum (fluldextract of senega root) The senega root was considered stimulant, expectorant, diuretic, and in larger doses emetic and cathartic. Beasley stated that it was used in latter stages of pneumonia and as a stimulant in low and typhoid fevers. ... 

COCILLANA (Syn. Guarea, Guapi Bark) Guareae Cortex is the bark of Guarea rusbyi (Britt.), Rushy and closely related species, family Meliaceae. It is obtained mainly from Bolivia. Cocillana is a more stimulating expectorant than Ipecacuanha. The unidentified alkaloid fraction contributes most probably to the expectorant effect. 

Wood creosote, coal tar creosote, coal tar, coal tar pitch, and coal tar pitch volatiles differ from each other with respect to their composition. Wood creosotes are derived from beechwood (Fagus, referred to herein as beechwood creosote) and the resin from leaves of the creosote bush (Larrea, referred to herein as creosote bush resin). Beechwood creosote consists mainly of phenol, cresols, guaiacol, xylenol, and creosol. It is a colorless or pale yellowish liquid, and has a characteristic smoky odor and burnt taste (Miyazato et al. 1981). It had therapeutic applications in the past as a disinfectant, a laxative, and a stimulating expectorant, but it is not a major pharmaceutical ingredient today in the United States. 

It is used as a stimulating expectorant, an antiseptic and a flavoring for cough syruPS. 

Give a brief accoimt of the stimulant expectorants . Discuss the synthesis of guaiphensin and potassium guaiacosulphonate from guaiacol with 3-chloro-l, 2-propanediol and sulphuric acid respectively under different experimental parameters. 

Licorice has shown distinct antifatigue and antistress activity, and in vivo studies have shown strong activity against cancerous tumors and some protection from the effects of radiation. Perhaps it is best known for its estrogenic effects, which make it a useful herb for menopause, and its antiulcer activity, making it an herb of choice for both stomach and duodenal ulceration. Because it stimulates expectoration and is powerfully healing for mucous membrane systems, it has a long history of use for upper respiratory infections. 

These are resinous mixtures that contain cinnamic and/or benzoic acid or their esters. Benzoin is a balsamic resin derived from the bark of Styrax benzoin (Styraceae) trees in Southeast Asia. Benzoin contains cinnamic, benzoic and triterpene acids. Its action is antiseptic, stimulant, expectorant, diuretic and antifungal. It is used as a food preservative and also as an ingredient in pharmaceutical preparations such as Whitfield s Ointment (with salicylic acid) for ringworm and athlete s foot (Tyler et al. 1988). 

Adrenergic, CNS stimulant Expectorant, bronchodilator Stimulant, hepatoprotective Vermicide, taenifuge... 

Traditional Medicine. Used as a diuretic, urinary antiseptic, carminative, and stimulating expectorant, among others. Also used in treating gonorrhea and cancer. ... 

Traditional Medicine. Used as a carminative, stimulant, expectorant, andantispamodic for purposes similar to those of asafetida, also used in treating wounds. 

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