Stem cells plasticity

Goodell MA. Stem-cell plasticity befuddled by the muddle. Curr Opin Hematol 2003 10 208-213. 

Plasticity of HSCs. The hematopoietic tissues such as the bone marrow and peripheral blood have heterogeneous stem cell populations, including hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, multipotent adult progenitor cells, and endothelial precursor cells. HSCs have been widely used to study the plasticity of adult stem cells [23]. Stem cell plasticity can be defined as a unique property of tissue-specific adult stem cells. Approximately more than 80% of studies reporting... 

Almeida-Porada G, Porada C, Zanjani E D (2001). Adult stem cell plasticity and methods of detection. Rev. Clin. Exp. Hematol. 5 26-41. 

Kucia M, Ratajezak J, Ratajezak M Z (2005). Are bone marrow stem cells plastic or heterogenous—that is the question. Exp. Hematol. 33 613-623. 

Kashofer K, Bonnet D (2005). Gene therapy progress and prospects Stem cell plasticity. Gene. Ther. 12 1229-1234. 

Ratajczak M Z, Kucia M, Reca R, et al. (2004). Stem cell plasticity revisited CXCR4-positive cells expressing mRNA for early muscle, liver and neural cells hide out in the bone marrow. Leukemia. 18 29-40. 

Zubair, A.C., SUberstein, L., and Ritz, J., 2002, Adult hematopoietic stem cell plasticity. Transfusion 42 1096-1101. 

RaffM (2003) Adult stem cell plasticity fact or artifact Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 19 1-22... 

Lakshmipathy, U. and C. VerfaUlie, Stem Cell Plasticity. Blood Reviews, 2005, 19(1), 29-38. 

In older adults, AML is either more likely to arise from a proximal bone marrow stem cell disorder, such as myelodys-plastic syndrome (MDS), or present as a secondary leukemia resulting from treatment with prior chemotherapy or radiation for an earlier malignancy. These forms of AML are notoriously less responsive to chemotherapy and thus have a lower CR rate and EFS.20... 

Wagers, A. and Weissman, I. 2004. Plasticity of adult stem cells. Cell 116, 639-648. 

Wagers, A. J., Sherwood, R. I., Christensen, J. L. and Weissman, I. L. Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Science 297 2256-2259, 2002. 

Grove J. E., Bruscia E., Krause D. S. (2004). Plasticity of bone marrow-derived stem cells, Stem Cells, 22, 487-500. 

The primary advantage of MSC for utilization in cell therapy is the ease with which they can be harvested from the bone marrow, isolated by plastic adherence, expanded in culture, genetically engineered, differentiated, and handled in vitro. The ease with which mesenchymal stem cells can be iron-dextran labeled (Ittrich et ah, 2005 Arab et al, 2004) and monitored by MRl... 

Colony forming ability of the fetal liver cells was determined in the medium comprised 1.3% methylcellulose, 4.0 mM glutamine, 10 U/ml penicillin/-streptomycin, 100 U/ml GM-CSF, 100 U/ml IL-3, 50 ng/ml stem cell factor and 10 U/ml erythropoietin in IMDM. An aliquot of 10 cells was transferred to a 35 mm sterile plastic Petri dish and incubated at 37 C in a fully humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. The final colony count was performed on day 14 of culture, the colony types being defined by general morphological criteria. 

However, new insights into the mechanisms of cardiac repair have provided evidence that the adult heart can at least partially repair injury and that vasculogenesis may not occur solely during embryonic development. These insights, in turn, have sparked strong interest in the field of stem cell therapy [2, 3]. Prompted by evidence that adult bone marrow harbors a reservoir of plastic cells [4], animal experiments have generated evidence... 

Krause DS. Plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells. Gene Ther 2002 9 754-758. 

Wagers, A.J., R.I. Sherwood, J. L. Christensen, and I. L. Weissman. Little Evidence for Developmental Plasticity of Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Science297 no. 5590 (2002) 2256-2259. 

Various cytokines are required for the development of cell lineages in the hematopoietic system. Mainly, cytokines appear to act as survival factors to inhibit the apoptosis of these cells. The fact that hematopoietic stem cells in which apoptosis is suppressed by overexpressed Bcl-2 can differentiate in the absence of extracellular growth factors or cell division supports this hypothesis (T4). Myelodys-plastic syndromes and some forms of aplastic anemia are associated with increased apoptosis of hematopoietic stem cells (T4). 

Vaccarino, F.M., Ganat Y., Zhang Y., Zhang W. (2001) Stem cells in Neurodevelopment and plasticity. Neuropsychopharmocology 25 805-815. 

Colter, D. C, Class, R., DiGirolamo, . M., Prockop, D. J. (2000), Rapid expansion of recycling stem cells in cultures of plastic-adherent cells from human bone marrow, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 97(7), 3213-3218. 

The recognition that cells such as neurons and muscle or cardiac cells, which were previously considered incapable of proliferating in old age, retain the potential for plasticity and regeneration has opened the way to the study of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may facilitate tissue repair in neurodegenerative diseases of old age. Likewise, the identification of pluripotent cells, such as stem cells, that are potentially capable of acquiring the structure and function of a variety of specialized cells promises to let us effectively replace lost tissues and functions. 

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