Stasi

Martin, G. (2000) Stasis in complex artefacts, in Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary Process, ed. Ziman, J. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) p. 90. Marzke. O.T. (editor) (1955) Impurities and Imperfections (American Society for Metals, Cleveland, Ohio). 

Fig. 4. Microcirculatory stasis in the rabbit omentum during anaphylactic shock (from [11]).

The red thrombus consists primarily of red cells and fibrin. It morphologically resembles the clot formed in a test tube and may form in vivo in areas of retarded blood flow or stasis (eg, veins) with or without vascular injury, or it may form at a site of injury or in an abnormal vessel in conjunction with an initiating platelet plug. 

Catheter angiography provides exquisite image detail and can visualize vessels as small as 0.1 mm in diameter, considerably smaller than those seen by CT- and MR-based vascular imaging techniques. Catheter angiography also provides high temporal resolution, which can help to distinguish arteries from veins and to detect prolonged intravascular stasis of blood. 

FIGURE 2.6 Dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging. Axial images of the brain are acquired repeatedly, in this case every 1.5 seconds. As a bolus of intravenously injected contrast material enters the brain, first arteries, then brain parenchyma, and finally veins demonstrate a transient loss of signal intensity. In this acute stroke patient, hypoperfusion of the left middle cerebral artery territory results in delayed arrival of the contrast bolus and prolonged stasis of contrast within the tissue. 

Patients with HF are at an increased risk of thromboembolic events secondary to a combination of hypercoagulability, relative stasis of blood, and endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of antiplatelets and anticoagulants remains debatable due to a lack of prospective clinical trials. 

Venous stasis Major medical illness (e.g., congestive heart failure) Major surgery (e.g., general anesthesia for greater than 30 minutes) Paralysis (e.g., due to stroke or spinal cord injury) Polycythemia vera Obesity Varicose veins... 

The ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy recommended against the use of aspirin as the primary method of VTE prophylaxis.2 Antiplatelet drugs clearly reduce the risk of coronary artery and cerebrovascular events in patients with arterial disease, but aspirin produces a very modest reduction in VTE following orthopedic surgeries of the lower extremities. The relative contribution of venous stasis in the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis compared with that of platelets in arterial thrombosis likely explains the reason for this difference. 

Pulmonary hypertension develops late in the course of COPD, usually after the development of severe hypoxemia. It is the most common cardiovascular complication of COPD and can result in cor pulmonale, or right-sided heart failure. Hypoxemia plays the primary role in the development of pulmonary hypertension by causing vasoconstriction of the pulmonary arteries and by promoting vessel wall remodeling. Destruction of the pulmonary capillary bed by emphysema further contributes by increasing the pressure required to perfuse the pulmonary vascular bed. Cor pulmonale is associated with venous stasis and thrombosis that may result in pulmonary embolism. Another important systemic effect is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, which contributes to exercise limitations and declining health status. 

After birth, a rapid drop in progesterone level initially triggers lactation through reversal of inhibitory effects on prolactin (Fig. 44-2). Nipple stimulation then enables lactation to continue once established. During lactation, ineffective removal of milk from the breast, trauma, and skin breaks may lead to problems such as milk stasis, nipple pain, and mastitis.12 Additionally, some women have difficultly initiating lactation due to improper technique and/or activity of inhibitors such as dopamine (Fig. 44-2). 

Impaired circulation, destruction of RBCs, and vascular stasis are three known problems that are responsible primarily for the clinical manifestations of SCD. These pathologic findings are likely due to HbS polymerization and RBC membrane damage (Fig. 65-3). 

Colonic residence time is considerably longer than in other parts of the GIT, and it is also more variable. The transit time can be as short as several hours to as long as 50 60 hours. Transit along the colon is characterized by abrupt movement and long periods of stasis. In one study of 49 healthy subjects the average colonic residence time was 35 hours with the following times associated with different regions 11 hours in the... 

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