Starch vinyl acetate copolymer

BIOP Biopolymer Technologies offers a starch-based material comprising an additive consisting of a vinyl alcohol/vinyl acetate copolymer, sold under the Biopar trade name (4). 

Biopolymer Technologies (Biop) offers a starch-based material containing an additive consisting of a vinyl alcohol/vinyl acetate copolymer. In 2005, the company transferred production of its bioplastics from The Netherlands to Schwarzheide in Germany and invested 7m in a new plant there, increasing its production capacity to 10,000 tonnes per annum. The announcement followed the decision earlier in 2005 by BASF to produce its Ecoflex biodegradable plastic, one of the components of Biop s Biopar resins, at the Schwarzheide site. 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) is utilized as a component of starch-based adhesives.11121114 Other patents report the use of partially oxidized starch,1115 dextrins,1116 dextrins and urea,1117 borax,1118 boric acid,1119 and vinyl methyl ether-maleic acid copolymers.1120 Other patents indicate the use of poly (vinyl alcohol) with partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate),1121 nonhy-drolyzed poly(vinyl acetate),1122 and poly(vinyl chloride).1123 A few patents have reported such poly acrylic additives as poly (acrylic acid)1124 and its salts,1125 poly(acrylamide),1126 1127 A-methylacrylamide or poly(A-acryl-amide),1128 and polyethyleneimine.1129 Polystyrene has also been used,1130 as well as more complex copolymers such as a maleic acid monobutyl ester-methyl vinyl ether copolymer, together with dextrin and polyacrylamide),1131 carboxylated ethyl acrylate-styrene zinc salt copolymer,1132 ethylene-methyl acrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer,1133 vinyl acetate-vinyl pyr-rolidone copolymer,1134 and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.1135 Some adhesives are compounded with SBR latex1136 1138 and phenol-formaldehyde resins.1139... 

There have been many studies of graft copolymer formation initiated by ionizing radiation, and methods have been discussed.88 Among the systems studied are styrene onto polyethylene,88 styrene onto polypropylene,100 styrene onto Nylon-6,101 styrene onto ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers,102 styrene and MMA onto natural rubber,103 pentafluorostyrene onto Nylon and polyethylene,104 acrylamide onto Nylon-6,105 acrylamide onto starch,100 vinyl monomers... 

Vinyl acetate polymers are extensively used in emulsion paints, as adhesives for textiles, paper, and wood, as a sizing material, and as a permanent starch. A number of commercial grades are available which differ in molecular weight and in the nature of comonomers (e.g., acrylate, maleate, fumarate) which are often used. Two vinyl acetate copolymers of particular interest to the plastics industry are EVA and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers. 

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Glyceryl palmitostearate Hydrogenated castor and soybean oil Microcrystalline wax Corn starch Maltodextrin Pregelatinized starch Isomalt Potato starch Citric add Sodium bicarbonate Methacrylic acid copolymer type C Chitosan Xanthan gum Agar Povidone Lactose... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2, acrid fumes NFPA Health 2, Flammability 3, Reactivity 2 Uses Monomer for synthesis of nitrile rubber, PVAc emulsions, PVOH, EVA copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, PVBI, and vinyl acetate-acrylonitrile copolymers in polymerized form for plastic masses, films, lacquers, latex paints, adhesives, textile finishing, safety glass interlayers textile hand modifier binder for paper coatings esterification for food starch modified film-former in cosmetics food pkg. adhesives resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings for polyolefin films food-contact paper/paperboard, ionomeric resins, copolymers, laminates, resin-bonded filters, textiles... 

Water-based dispersions or emulsions such as polyvinyl acetate, acrylics, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl alcohol with plasticizers and tackifiers. In addition, this range can include urea formaldehyde and phenolic adhesives, resins, natural adhesives produced from starch, dextrin, casein, animal glues (see Polyvinyl alcohol in adhesives, Phenolic adhesives single-stage resoles. Phenolic adhesives two-stage novolacs. Animal glues and technical gelatins) and rubber latex (see Emulsion and dispersion adhesives). Solvent-free 100% solids such as polyurethane. Hot melt adhesives include Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters with tackifiers and waxes. More recent additions include cross-linkable systems. 

Ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers + 28% starch - vinyl acetate content [91]... 

MAJOR POLYMER APPLICATIONS ABS, acrylics, cellulose acetate, epoxy resin, ethylene propylene diene copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyester, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyurethane, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylchloride, proteins, rubber, SB starch ... 

Foil laminations usually call for resins, but even here a small amount of starch is often added for its smoothing properties. One example is poly(vinylalcohol) 3, starch 3, water 49, potassium persulfate 0.1 add dropwise a mixture of 5 dibutyl phthalate and 39 vinyl ace-tate at 70°C (158°F), dilute to 25% solids. Starch at 3-15% is claimed to prevent coarse particle formation in the following formulation 45 % aqueous emulsion containing 1 99 acrylic acid vinyl acetate copolymer 100, com starch 4, poly(vinylalcohol) 5, dibutyl phthalate 15. Aluminum foil was coated on paper at 300 m / min (meters per minute) without coarse particle formation, while a similar formulation omitting the starch formed coarse particles at 90 m/min. ... 

Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.300,177.1200,177.1210,177.1350,178.1005 FDA approved for ophthalmics, otics Canada DSL ManufJDistrib. Air Prods. Aldrich Allchem Ind. Bayer Dow Kingsfield Monomer-Polymer Dajac Labs Nafl. Casein Nafl. Starch Chem. Palmer Holland Trade Nemes A-C 400 A-C 4O0A A-C 405M A-C 405S A-C 405T Luwax EVA 3 Microlhene MU 760-00 Microthene MU 763-00 Ethylene vinyl acetate Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer. See Ethylene/VA copolymer... 

Although they lack commercial importance, many other poly(vinyl acetal)s have been synthesized. These include acetals made from vinyl acetate copolymerized with ethylene (43—46), propjiene (47), isobutjiene (47), acrylonitrile (48), acrolein (49), acrylates (50,47), aHyl ether (51), divinyl ether (52), maleates (53,54), vinyl chloride (55), diaHyl phthalate (56), and starch (graft copolymer) (47). 

Not all modified starches are suitable for removal by aqueous dissolution alone. Such modifications of natural starches are carried out to reduce solution viscosity, to improve adhesion and ostensibly to enhance aqueous solubility. Commercial brands vary [169], however, from readily soluble types to those of limited solubility. Indeed, some may be as difficult to dissolve as potato starch if they have been overdried. It is thus very important to be sure of the properties of any modified starch present. If there are any doubts about aqueous dissolution, desizing should be carried out by enzymatic or oxidative treatment. Even if the size polymer is sufficiently soluble, it is important to ensure that the washing-off range is adequate. Whilst the above comments relate to modified starches, other size polymers such as poly(vinyl acetate/alcohol) and acrylic acid copolymers vary from brand to brand with regard to ease of dissolution. 

D.R. Williams, Highly functionalized ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion copolymers, US Patent 6762239, assigned to National Starch and Chemical Investment Holding Corporation (New Castle, DE), July 13, 2004. 

Graft copolymers of starch and vinyl acetate (VA) have been prepared using Co60 irradiation.110 Near-quantitative conversions of monomer to polymer were reported when the radiation dose was l.OMrad, although the grafting efficiency was <50%. Lower radiation doses gave lower conversions and add-ons. When 10% methacrylate was added to the monomer mixture, grafting efficiency was improved to 70%. Selected copolymers were treated with methanolic sodium hydroxide to yield starch-poly(vinyl... 

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