Standoffs

The outer shell is normally constructed of carbon steel for economic reasons, unless aluminum is required to reduce the weight. Stainless-steel standoffs must be provided on the carbon steel outer shell for all i etrations wn... 

To reduce the chance of false activation of the suppression system by vibration, a flexible pressure detector standoff is often used. Also, two detectors in series may be employed to reduce further the possi-bihty of false activation. 

Trays versus packing for fractionation can be a standoff if large numbers of tray passes are allowed for large fractionation towers by the operating company. Often, company preferences will decide. The licensor may also have preferences based on field experience. 

This thumbnail sketch of where chemistry had got to by 1860 is offered here to indicate that chemists were mostly incurious about such matters as the nature and strength of the ehemieal bond or how quickly reactions happened all their efforts went into methods of synthesis and the tricky attempts to determine the numbers of different atoms in a newly synthesised compound. The standoff between organie and inorganie ehemistry did not help the development of the subjeet, although by the time of the Karlsruhe Conference in 1860, in Germany at least, the organic synthetic chemists ruled the roost. 

As Morawetz puts the matter, an acceptance of the validity of the laws governing colligative properties (i.e., properties such as osmotic pressure) for polymer solutions had no bearing on the question whether the osmotically active particle is a molecule or a molecular aggregate . The colloid chemists, as we have seen, in regard to polymer solutions came to favour the second alternative, and hence created the standoff with the proponents of macromolecular status outlined above. 

Taking into account the possibility of highly directional blast effects, Eichler and Napadensky (1977) recommend the use of a safe and conservative value for TNT equivalency, namely, between 20% and 40%, for the determination of safe standoff distances between transportation routes and nuclear power plants. This value is based on energy it should be applied to the total amount of hydrocarbon in the largest single, pressurized storage tank being transported. 

The energy term E must be defined to calculate energy-scaled standoff R. The energy term represents the sensible heat that is released by that portion of the cloud contributing to the blast wave. Any of the accepted methods of calculating vapor cloud explosive energy are applicable to the Baker-Strehlow method. These methods include ... 

The term bladed refers to raised, continuous flow restrictors with a standoff distance from the bit body of more than 1.0 in. In most cases cutters are affixed to the blades so that the cutter arrangement may also be described as bladed. The term ribbed refers to raised continuous flow restrictors with a standoff distance from the bit body of 1.0 in. or less. Cutters are usually affixed to most of the ribs so that the cutter arrangement may also be described as ribbed. The term open face refers to nonrestricted flow arrangements. Open face flow designs generally have a more even distribution of cutters over the bit face than with bladed or ribbed designs. 

TYPICAL EXPLOSION DETECTOR MOUNTED WITH FLEXIBLE STANDOFF HOSE ... 

Octol, at least at shorter standoffs, gives about 10% deeper penetrations than Composition B, but the latter is better at long standoffs since it seems to lessen perturbance of the shaped-charge jet... 

Corexit 9527 is a water-and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether-dissolved dispersant. The nature of the surface-active agent has not been disclosed. Laboratory tests were conducted using 0.5-mm thick, fresh Alberta Sweet-Mixed Blend crude oil treated with Corexit 9527 dispersant applied from an overhead spray boom [165]. The effects on dispersion efficiency of mixing jet pressure, mixing jet flow rate, jet standoff distance, and vessel speed were evaluated. The system operates with a nozzle pressure of 7000 kPa, a flow rate of 55 liter/min per nozzle, and nozzles positioned approximately 0.6 m from the water surface. In laboratory tests, such a system was capable of dispersing 80% to 100% of the surface slick. 

Spectroscopic standoff or LIDAR approaches are being explored as triggers that can be used at a longer distance from the area to be interrogated (Figure l1). 

Figure 1. US Army s Long Range Standoff Biological Detection System operates off a Black Hawk Helicopter and uses LIDAR to detect changes in particle concentration2.

One of the problems we faced was a mounting standoff on the primary side that we just couldn t get around satisfactorily. We had EMI filters and other items taking up all remaining space. The only way out was to position the bulk capacitor and the switch on opposite sides of the standoff, as shown in Figure 7-2. Unfortunately, these long traces were... 

Figure 11-13 Create a Metal StandofF Near the Switch to Close the Loop of the Noise Current Injected Through the Parasitic Mounting Capacitance of the Fleatsink...

Recommendation 4 (see Figure 11-13) Create a metal standoff near the switch to close the loop of the noise current injected through the parasitic mounting capacitance of the heatsink. 

Figure 11-14 The Suggested Metal Standoff Technique to Return the Noise Current Injected Through the Parasitic Capacitance of the Heatsink... 

Breeching is a local perforation of the concrete element by the extremely high blast pressures of a close explosion. High velocity concrete fragments can result. Breeching failures are controlled by providing adequate reinforcement, concrete thickness and standoff distance to the explosive. 

Standoff zone(s), given they have sufficient depth to keep adversaries from using explosives or standoff weapons effectively from the perimeter... 

Biological, Chemical Reconnaissance System (JSLNBCRS), 5 832 Joint Service Standoff Chemical Agent Detector (JSLSCAD), 5 832 Joint ventures, 15 639-640 Joint Warning and Reporting Network (JWARN), 5 832 Jojoba oil, 26 212-213 Jojoba wax, cosmetically useful lipid, 7 833t... 

The area between the outer perimeter and structures or buildings is known as the site. This open site area provides an incomparable opportunity for early identification of an unauthorized intruder and initiation of early warning/response. This open space area is commonly used to calculate the standoff distance that is, it is the distance between the outside perimeter (public areas to the fence) and the target or critical assets (buildings/structures) inside the perimeter (inside the fence line—the restricted access area). 

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