Multiple constituencies

Li, X., Wang, G., Sun, J., Hao, H., Xiong, Y., Yan, B., Zheng, Y., and Sheng, L. (2007b). Pharmacokinetic and absolute bioavailability study of total panax notoginsenoside, a typical multiple constituent traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 847-851. 

Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS. (1999). Ginseng pharmacology multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem Pharmacol. 58(11) 1685-93. 

The number of system eigen zones is the same as the number of constituents of the BGE. Especially in BGEs using multiple constituents, there is a risk of co-migration of a system zone and an analyte zone. There is a software available to calculate eigen zones. ... 

From the technical viewpoint, the matrix inversion (C C) in Equation 12.36 can be very unstable if any two of the analyte concentrations in the calibration standards happen to be highly correlated to one another. This translates to the need for careful experimental design in the preparation of calibration standards for CLS modeling, which is particularly challenging because multiple constituents must be considered. In addi-... 

A herbal product contains multiple constituents that might be responsible for its therapeutic effects. It is thus necessary to define as many of the constituents as possible in order to understand and explain the bioactivity. The concept of phytoequivalence has been introduced in Germany to ensure consistency of phytotherapeuticals. According to this concept, a chemical profile for a herbal product is constructed and compared with the profile of a clinically proven reference product. Since many of these preparations contain flavonoids, it is essential to have adequate analytical techniques at hand for this class of natural product. 

Near Infrared Reflectance Analysis (NIRA) is in use at over 5000 sites for the analysis of multiple constituents in food and other products. The technology is based upon correlation transform spectroscopy, which combines NIR spectrophotometry and computerized analysis of a "learning set" of samples to obtain calibrations without the need for detailed spectroscopic knowledge of factors being analyzed. The computer can obtain spectral characteristics of the analyte (based upon a correlation with data from an accepted reference analysis) without separation of the sample s constituents. 

NIRS has proven to be a fast, reliable, and cost-saving method for numerous applications in the pharmaceutical industry. It is no longer the esoteric method it was once believed to be. The pharmaceutical industry has learned a great deal about NIRS from the agricultural and food industries. Concepts and techniques have been borrowed and fitted to the needs of pharmaceutical scientists. Users in all disciplines face common issue, such as calibration transfer, moisture contamination, particle size, and the rigors of calibrating multiple constituents. 

If only the multiplicative constituent part is present, then the function of the zirconia gas sensor assumes y = fc(l y ) x, where y = Yt is the current value of the relative error. In this case, the function of the measuring parameter of the sensor is the absolute value of the error. 

This new scorecard was first popularized by Kaplan and Norton (1995). All organizations have multiple constituencies such as shareholders, customers, employees, and strategic partners. Each of these constituencies has performance needs and concerns that must be met if the organization hopes to survive and thrive. Kaplan and Norton s scorecard emphasizes the need to convert an organization s... 

Sensory-motor performance Overall/integrated performance of the sensory-motor system, comprising multiple constituent performance resources and associated dimensions of performance, including strength, speed, reaction time, steadiness, visual acuity, visuoperception, and sensory-motor control. 

The most novel and practical solutions may come from individuals who are able to connect disparate ideas from different disciplines in new ways. In short, the ability to connect dots and to perceive out of the box is a particularly strong individual differentiator and a powerful driver of value creation (Berns, 2008). Experiential learning opportunities are extremely important, since fresh experiences and the environments these offer can significantly enhance powers of perception. As noted by Berns (2008), our brains need to be bombarded with things never encountered before to see things differently. There are literally infinite opportunities to connect dots, which is a major reason why interdisciplinary collaborations can be so productive. Importantly, the ability to perceive new opportunities in turn begs for their analysis and subsequent translation for multiple constituencies, frequently leading to more ideas that call for yet additional analysis and translation. 

Lemaitre J, Pittet C, Brendlen D, inventors Pasty or liquid multiple constituent compositions for injectable calcium phosphate cements. 2003. 

If engineers were to respond as moral professionals to socio-technical crises that were only vaguely understood, they needed to define the relevant problems, generate conceptual tools, and justify their authority to multiple constituencies. In 1968, Paschkis was invited by the Aviation and Space Division to arrange technology society sessions at the ASME s aimual meeting. He used the event to form a permanent Technology and Society Committee that channeled dissenters as well as ASME Council members. 

However, it is possible to get around this by taking advantage of another part of Beer s law the absorbances of multiple constituents at the same wavelength are additive. Thus, the two constituent equations for a single spectrum should really be... 

As discussed previously, if the concentrations of all the constituents in the mixtures are not known, there may be a significant error when solving for the absorptivity coefficients of the known constituents by the CLS approach. In real-world samples, it is very unusual to know the entire composition of a mixture sample. Sometimes, only the quantities of a few constituents in very complex mixtures of multiple constituents are of interest. Obviously, CLS calibration will fail for these samples because the full compositional chemistry is not known. One solution to this problem is to take advantage of algebra to rearrange Beer s law and express it as... 

For more complex mixtures, multiple constituent analyses, or to satisfy a regulatory agency, a full-spectrum technique may be required. Numerous instrument manufacturers have either hardened their lab instruments or developed process instruments in recent years for both MIR and NIR applications. The biggest differences are in the types of monochromators employed in these instruments. 

Qi, P, Zhang, F, Xue, R, Li, Z, Chen, M, Sun, Z, Zhu, K, Huang, C Identification of multiple constituents from seed of Vaccaria segetalis with an adsorben-separation strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commim. Mass Spectrom. 28(11), 1243-1257 (2014)... 

Cortacero-Ramfrez, S. et al.. Simultaneous determination of multiple constituents in real beer samples of different origins by capillary zone electrophoresis, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 380, 831, 2004. 

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