Stabilizers for PVC

The discussion centers on heat stabilizers for PVC because this polymer is the most important class of halogenated polymers requiring these chemical additives. PVC of ideal chemical stmcture (1) should be a relatively stable compound as predicted from model studies using 2,4,6-trichloroheptane [13049-21-3] (2) (1). 

Cost bilizers. In most cases the alkyl tin stabilizets ate particularly efficient heat stabilizers for PVC without the addition of costabilizers. Many of the traditional coadditives, such as antioxidants, epoxy compounds, and phosphites, used with the mixed metal stabilizer systems, afford only minimal benefits when used with the alkyl tin mercaptides. Mercaptans are quite effective costabilizets for some of the alkyl tin mercaptides, particularly those based on mercaptoethyl ester technology (23). Combinations of mercaptan and alkyl tin mercaptide ate currendy the most efficient stabilizers for PVC extmsion processes. The level of tin metal in the stabilizer composition can be reduced by up to 50% while maintaining equivalent performance. Figure 2 shows the two-roU mill performance of some methyl tin stabilizers in a PVC pipe formulation as a function of the tin content and the mercaptide groups at 200°C. 

Used in the production of carbamates that are used to synthesize dyes, drugs, veterinary medicines, herbicides, and insecticides as a solvent in the photographic industry used as a stabilizer for PVC. 

Boliden s Kaldo process of, 14 742-743 Isasmelt process of, 14 743-745 Kivcet process of, 14 739-740 Outokumpu process of, 14 745 QSL process of, 14 740-742 Lead stabilizers, for PVC polymers, 25 671 Lead storage battery, 14 783. See also Lead-acid batteries Lead-calcium alloy batteries... 

Ultraviolet light stabilizers, for PVC polymers, 25 675 Ultraviolet lithography, extreme,... 

The telomerization of butadiene with carbon dioxide to form a 5-lactone is an interesting example for a C - C bond-forming reaction with CO2 (Scheme 2). The product can be hydrogenated to 2-ethylheptanoic acid, which can be used in lubricants, as a stabilizer for PVC or as an intermediate for the production of solvents and softeners [7,15-19]. 

Lead stearate is an effective thermal stabilizer for PVC, yet its use in PVC pipe is not permitted. Why PVC sheeting fails when exposed to long periods of sunlight and undergoes a series of color changes before becoming black. Explain. 

What is the advantage of using epoxidized soybean oil as a stabilizer for PVC ... 

R. D. Deanin, Thermal Stabilizers for PVC, Plastics Institute of America Audio Course, Hoboken,... 

Another popular class of heat stabilizers for PVC consists of the alkali earth metal salts of carboxylic acids. An Italian patent issued in 1940 suggested conducting the polymerization of vinyl chloride in the presence... 

Other Plastics Uses. The plasticizer range alcohols have a number of other uses in plastics liexanol and 2-ethylliexanol are used as part of the catalyst system in the polymerization of acrylates, ethylene, and propylene (55) the peroxydicarbonate of 2-ethylliexanol is utilized as a polymerization initiator for vinyl chloride various trialkyl phosphites find usage as heat and light stabilizers for plastics organotin derivatives are used as heat stabilizers for PVC octanol improves the compatibility of calcium carbonate filler in various plastics 2-ethylliexanol is used to make expanded polystyrene beads (56) and acrylate esters serve as pressure sensitive adhesives. 

One major use of PVC is for pipes in plumbing systems. Here, even though the inexpensive lead stabilizers would be preferred from an economic standpoint, the possibility that the toxic lead could be leached from the pipes into the drinking water necessitates the use of more expensive tin and antimony compounds as thermal stabilizers. Because about one-half of the annual U.S. production of PVC is formed into piping, the PVC formulation used for pipes represents a huge market for companies that manufacture additives, and the competition is very intense. A recently developed low-cost thermal stabilizer for PVC is a mixture of antimony and calcium salts. This mixture has replaced stabilizers containing tin compounds that have become increasingly costly in recent years. 

Polycondensates having an irregular arrangement of phenylenediamine and quinone imine units were reported to be formed during oxidation of 1,4-phenylenediamine by anthraquinone or by oxygen or Cu(II) salts in aq. ammonia [150]. Diphenylamine may be oxidized similarly, products containing 5-14% of complex bound CuCl were reported to have the properties of thermal stabilizers for PVC. 

Phenyldiisodecylphosphite and dii.sodecylphosphite are utilized together with liquid calcium-zinc- or barium-zinc-systems as thermal stabilizers for PVC. 

Use Polymerization catalyst, antioxidant, and heat stabilizer for PVC (not approved by FDA for food containers), electrically conducting tin oxide coatings, alkaline-earth-metal phosphates in fluorescent light bulbs, intermediate for silicones. 

CAS 26401-97-8. A heat stabilizer for PVC foodpackaging materials, especially for clear plastic bottles. Approved by FDA for all foods except malt beverages, carbonated soft drinks, milk, and other dairy products. 

Fatty acid epoxides have numerous uses. In particular, oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin represent the greatest proportion of current consumption of renewable raw materials in the chemical industry, providing applications that cannot be met by petrochemicals [64]. Polyether polyols produced from methyl oleate by the Prileshajev epoxidation (using peracetic acid) are an example. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) is a mixture of the glycerol esters of epoxidized linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids. It is used as a plasticizer and stabilizer for poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) [1] and as a stabilizer for PVC resins to improve flexibility, elasticity, and toughness [65]. The ESBO market is second to that of epoxy resins and its world wide production... 

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