2- Ethylheptanoic acid

The telomerization of butadiene with carbon dioxide to form a 5-lactone is an interesting example for a C - C bond-forming reaction with CO2 (Scheme 2). The product can be hydrogenated to 2-ethylheptanoic acid, which can be used in lubricants, as a stabilizer for PVC or as an intermediate for the production of solvents and softeners [7,15-19]. 

Behr and coworkers have reported on some promising approaches using 8-lactone as the starting compound for exploitable specialty chemicals. One such strategy involves the three-step synthesis of 2-ethylheptanoic acid, an interesting building block for new alkyd resins (as used in printing inks, baked enamels, and... 

Rare earth oxalate and oxide particles have been prepared using this system, and the particle size is controllable by changing the extractant (cation carrier). For example, some rare earth oxalate particles of submicrometer size were prepared in the ELM system containing 2-methyl-2-ethylheptanoic acid (VA-10) and bis(l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phosphinic acid (DTMBPA) as the extractant [58-61]. In the VA-10 system, ultrafine particles of 20-60 nm in diameter were obtained, while spherical oxalate particles of 0.2-0.6 pm in diameter were obtained in the DTMBPA system. Preparation of oxide particles are attained by calcination of the oxalate particles at 873-1073 K (Fig. 6-7), though it brings about some construction... 

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