Outokumpu process

Table 4.1 Comparison between Inco and Outokumpu processes for copper smelting.

Throughput (equipment size same) 30% higher than Outokumpu process 30% lower than Inco process... 

Figure 5.8 Outokumpu process for nickel cathode production.

Boliden s Kaldo process of, 14 742-743 Isasmelt process of, 14 743-745 Kivcet process of, 14 739-740 Outokumpu process of, 14 745 QSL process of, 14 740-742 Lead stabilizers, for PVC polymers, 25 671 Lead storage battery, 14 783. See also Lead-acid batteries Lead-calcium alloy batteries... 

Alternatively, heating iron pyrites (FeS2) to 1200 °C with exclusion of air gives sulfur and liquid FeS by the Outokumpu process. 

Heating iron pyrites to ca. 1200°C in the absence of air (Outokumpu process) yields sulfur and liquid iron(II) sulfide. 

It has been estimated that in both the INCO and Outokumpu processes, 1 tonne (1.1 ton) of oxygen replaces the combustion of about 0.20 to 0.25 tonne (0.22 to 0.28 ton) of oil.19 This ratio can be used to assess the economics of replacing fuel by tonnage oxygen. 

The Outokumpu process, which was developed in Rnland, consists of flash roasting pyrites in a nonoxidizing atmosphere in a fluidized bed. About half of the sulfur content is recovered as elemental sulfur, and the remainder is in the residue, pyrrhotite, a magnetic iron sulfide. The pyrrhotite may be roasted in an oxidizing atmosphere to recover the remaining sulfur as sulfur dioxide. 

Outokumpu process. The mercury is removed before the washing step in the acid plant. The gas, at about 350°C, is led through a packed bed tower, where it is washed countercur-rently with 90 wt.% H SO at about 190°C. The acid is formed in situ from the absorption of... 

For a clear description of the history and technology of the process, see Krogerus, The Outokumpu process Flash smelting of lead concentrates in ELDC Proceedings (1990). 

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