Sprinkler irrigation

Whatever the case, the ability to irrigate test plots is an important consideration during field site selection. Sprinkler irrigation is preferred. Flood and furrow irrigation should be avoided since they may disturb surface residues, resulting in uneven residue distribution and/or inadvertent agrochemical loss from the study plots. Recommended irrigation practices are discussed in more detail in Section 3.3.8. 

Apply the supplemental water inputs via sprinkler irrigation. Do not flood or furrow irrigate since these practices may disturb soil surface residues. Be aware that even... 

Walker. E. K., and L. S. Vickery. Influence of sprinkler irrigation on the incidence of weather fleck on flue-cured tobacco in Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 41 281-287, 1961. 

Table 12.4 Colloidal (1pm - Inm) and dissolved (

A major advantage of this method of irrigation is cost. Solid-set sprinkler irrigation is estimated to cost in excess of 1100 per acre, or 151,800 for 138 acres. A center-pivot irrigation system is estimated at less than 60,000 for the same 138 acres. In both instances, an adequate water source at the site is presumed. 

Efficient irrigation The application of furrow and drip irrigation instead of flood or sprinkler irrigation contributes consistently to a more sustainable use of water and reduces potential negative impacts of overuse of water. 

Spray or foliar applications of Fe are usually recommended over soil applications in the U.S.A. A 3 to 4% solution of FeS04 or its equivalent, including a wetting agent, is a common recommendation. There has also been some experimental work directed toward applying Fe chelates to crops in sprinkler irrigation water. Rates up to 0.45 g Fe m" have been applied in this manner (Murphy and Walsh, 1972). 

Young, S.Y., 1990. Influence of sprinkler irrigation on dispersal of nuclear-polyhedrosis virus from host cadavers on soybean. Environ. Entomol., 19 717-720. 

Two field experiments investigating the mobility of pesticides leached by sprinkler irrigation are discussed. The first experiment applied a pulse of chloride and napropamide, a moderately adsorbed herbicide, to a 0.6 ha field which was subsequently leached with 25 cm water low in chloride over a two-week period. Soil core samples were taken at 36 locations to 300 cm and were analyzed in 10 cm increments for chloride and pesticide. Oistribution coefficient measurements were made at each sampling location by hatch equilibrium and column flow through methods. 

The aims of reclamation are to make Ca2+ the major exchangeable ion and to reduce the salt concentration in the soil solution. The main requirement to reclaim salt-affected soils is that sufficient water must pass through the plant root zone to lower the salt concentration to acceptable values. Passing 1 m of leaching water per meter of soil depth under ponded conditions normally removes approximately 80% of the soluble salt from soils (Fig. 11.6). If leaching is under unsaturated conditions, such as with the use of intermittent pending or sprinkler irrigation, this quantity of water may be reduced to as little as 350 to 200 mm of water. Boron removal can require up to three times more water than removal of Na and Cl salts, because B is retained to some extent by soils. 

Kreuzig R, Holtge S, Brunette J, Berenzen N, Wogram J, Sculz R, Test-plot studies on runoff of sulfonamides from manured soils after sprinkler irrigation, Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2005 24 777-781. 

Plastics are now being used in a variety of ways to replace metal components in different irrigation systems. Interestingly, one of the first uses of PVC pipe in the 1960s was in sprinkler irrigation systems as... 

Pillsbury, A.F., Degan, A. (1968). Sprinkler irrigation. Agricultural Development Paper 88. FAO New York. 

The percolation is a major loss of water in paddy fields. Recently guargum has been applied in agriculture in fields of drag reduction in sprinkler irrigation and evaporation control... 

Sanker, G. Application of drag reducing polymers in sprinkler irrigation and some other related fields. M.Tech. thesis (1980) Indian Institute of Technology,Kharagpur,India. 

EliaS/ V./ Vocel/ J. Polymer additives for sprinkler irrigation. Communications of the Inst, of Hydrodynamics/ No. 8/ Prague/ October 1978... 

As guar gum is biodegradable, it does not affect the soil adversely. As a matter of fact the residual positive effects in 5deld in subsequent crops have been observed by Kar and Sahoo (228). There have been considerable developments in materials and polymer solution injection systems in sprinkler irrigation system. 

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