Drip irrigation

A.S. Felsot, R.G. Evans, and J.R. Ruppert, Field studies of imidacloprid distribution following application to soil through a drip irrigation system , in Terrestrial Field Dissipation Studies Design, Interpretation and Purpose, ed. E.L. Arthur, V.E. Clay, and A. Barefoot, ACS Symposium Series No. 842, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (2003). 

J.E. Woodrow, J.S. LeNoir, J.N. Seiber, T. Dinoff, and R.I. Kiieger, Determination of MITC in Air Downwind of Fields Treated with Metam Sodium by Drip Irrigation, Final Report to the Metam Sodium Task Force, University of Nevada, Reno, NV and University of Cahfomia,... 

Drip irrigation Saves water Lai (2009e) Palaniappan et al. (2009) Wu and Sardo (2009)... 

Keywords Adaptation Techniques, Climatic Variability, Conservation Farming with Fodder Trees, Erosion, Low-Cost Drip Irrigation, Water Harvesting, Water Shortages... 

Von Westarp S, Chieng S, Schreier H (2003) Comparing low-cost drip irrigation, conventional drip irrigation, and hand watering in Nepal. Agr Water Manag 64(2) 143-160... 

Ajwa, H. A., Trout, T., and Mueller, J. (2002). Application of alternative fumigants through drip irrigation systems. Phytopathology 92,1349-1355. 

Beneficial and Harmful Effects. At low levels, sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere is not harmful to crops, but damage can occur at excessive levels (305—309). Crops differ gready in their sensitivity. Forest damage attributed to acid rain is often cited but the observed symptoms seem to have multiple causes and the contribution of sulfur acids is unspecified. The sulfur in precipitation is, up to a point, beneficial to plant growth because sulfur is an essential nutrient. Lessening the sulfur content of the atmosphere requires that supplementary sulfur be provided in fertilizer to some crops some crops already require supplementary sulfur. Sulfur dioxide itself has been found useful in drip irrigation systems (310,311) and in calcareous soils (308). Small field generators have been developed for this purpose. 

The microirrigation method known as drip irrigation delivers water through long, narrow strips of punctured plastic tubing. These farmers are placing tubing in a soon-to-be-planted field. Once installed, the system will provide only as much water as the plants need. 

There are three potential solutions for annual and perennial weed problems with drip irrigation. One is the use of preemergence herbicides that have residual weed control properties, particularly under continuous moisture. Another is the use of contact herbicides on the emerged weeds in the wet spot or persistent herbicides with contact activity. A third approach is the use of herbicides through the drip system when allowed by the product label (i.e., the use of herbicides capable of killing weeds as they germinate). With all three approaches it is essential that perennial weeds... 

Some vineyardists are installing drip irrigation systems. Insufficient data exist to assess their utility. One major vineyard is investigating the possible use of a combination of solid-set sprinkler and drip system. The solid set would be used to maintain a cover crop and for applications of waterborne pesticides, herbicides, and nutrients. The drip system would be employed for deep irrigation of the grape vines. Such a combination system is not yet installed in a vineyard. 

Efficient irrigation The application of furrow and drip irrigation instead of flood or sprinkler irrigation contributes consistently to a more sustainable use of water and reduces potential negative impacts of overuse of water. 

Prevent disease problems by keeping the leaves dry. Water carefully or use drip irrigation. Mulch melons to help conserve water Black plastic a good choice for central and northern arj as, but in extremely warm areas it can warm the soil too much. Organic mulches are good, too, but also provide shelter for pests like squash bugs. 

Rawahy S, Larson DL, Walworth J, Slack DC. (2003). Effect of an electrical input with drip irrigation on nitrate distribution in soil. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 19 55-58. 

Polyethylene has been irradiated to produce cross-links thus giving it improved strength. Drip irrigation for raw crops uses such irradiated LDPE tubing. For vine and tree crops and drop emitter is made of PE molded in large multicavity molds. 

Water use can be reduced by up to 66% without compromising yields by substituting drip irrigation systems for furrows (Siddalingaswamy et al., 2007). This will have additional benefits, reducing electricity to run the pumps. A number of silk-producing areas of India (e.g. Kolar district) are under severe water stress and electricity subsidies pose a large fiscal burden (Kimmich, 2013 World Bank, 2010). 

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