Foliar applications

Several facts have emerged from our studies with 2,7-DCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDD. They are not biosynthesized by condensation of chloro-phenols in soils, and they are not photoproducts of 2,4-dichlorophenol. They do not leach into the soil profile and consequently pose no threat to groundwater, and they are not taken up by plants from minute residues likely to occur in soils. Photodecomposition is insignificant on dry soil surfaces but is probably important in water. Dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is lost by volatilization, but TCDD is probably involatile. These compounds are not translocated within the plant from foliar application, and they are degraded in the soil. 

Grape anthracnose and citrus scab caused by the genus Elsinoe are eradicated even after disease development by foliar application... 

Microbial biocatalytic systems, 76 398 Microbial biocontrol agents, 73 347-348 foliar application of, 73 349 phytotoxin production and, 73 351 problems associated with, 73 348-349 shelf life and storage of, 73 350 Microbial biomass, 26 471 474 substrates for, 26 473-474 Microbial catalysts, rapid screening of, 76 405... 

R and Rj may be the same or different and the compound where R = Rj = n-butyl (trade name MARSHAL) is currently undergoing development as a new Insecticide. Its acute rat oral LD50 is 209 mg/kg and it may be used by either soil or foliar application. In contrast, carbofuran with a rat LD50 of 11 mg/kg, is relatively toxic to mammals and it has been used mainly as a soil Insecticide. 

Mephosfolan. The metabolic fate of mephosfolan in cotton plants and in rice plants grown in a paddy environment was studied. Cotton plants were grown from seeds (Delta pine smooth leaf variety). Six-week-old plants containing 4 to 6 leaves were treated foliarly with C-mephosfolan. Plants were analyzed at periodic intervals. The distribution of radioactivity in cotton plants after foliar application of C-mephosfolan is summarized in Table V. The metabolic pathways of mephosfolan in cotton plants involve oxidation, hydrolysis and conjugation to yield glucosides (Figure 2). 

Table V. Distribution of Radioactivity in cotton plants after foliar application of carbon-14 labeled mephosfolan.

Figure 79. Effects of foliar application of iupine extracts. Sources Refs [331, 332, 333, 334, 335].

Figure 3. Comparative response of a gynoecious cucumber (MSU 713 5) to foliar applications of 1 X 10-SM solution of GAS and several esters of GAS...

Figure 3. Foliar application of Cu-gibberettin on red kidney bean plants 96 hours...

Figure 3,C shows an additional movement of radioactivity following foliar application of C14-gibberellin. This was a wedge-shaped movement from the site of application towards the leaf tip and has been ascribed by Strugger to transpira-tional movement in the cell walls (9). This movement has also been observed with the more mobile compounds, like maleic hydrazide, monuron, simazine, and aminotriazole (5).

Figure 5, Foliar application of Cx -gibberellin on normal (N) and dwarf (d)...

Figure 6. Foliar application of C14-5-aminotriazole on dwarf corn...

The percent increase in yield is often related to weather conditions. In dry years (1976) a relatively small number of fungicide cereal trials showed an increase in yield, but during wet years (1978) 60% of the tests showed yield increases. In long-term trials (4) in the Western region of Germany, seed treatments and foliar applications of triazole fungicides reduced crop losses from powdery mildew up to 25% (Table VI). ... 

Kempenaar, C., Horsten, P.J.F.M., Scheepens, P.C. Growth and competitiveness of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) after foliar application of Ascochyta caulina as a my coherbicide. Weed Sci 1996 44 609-614. 

Single tree injection is used to remove cull hardwoods from sites during site preparation, pine release, or for timber stand improvement. Tree injection is efficient on sites with a sparse distribution (100 stems per acre, or less) of hardwoods greater than 1 inch dbh. The method is useful for control of species resistant to foliar treatments or stems missed during foliar application. 

Malac, B. F. 1961. Early indications of growth responses following foliar applications of herbicides. South. Weed Conf., Proc. 14 222-227. 

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