Spodoptera frugiperda

Most of the viral vectors were constructed using (1) the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV), which is able to infect moth species, Spodoptera frugiperda ovarian cell lines and, in specific conditions, Drosophila cells (2) the Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), which is able to infect silkworm cells. To broaden the range of infection of hosts, a hybrid virus was generated [118,119]. 

Marti, O.G., Rogers, C.E. and Styer, E.L. (1995) Report on intracellular bacterial symbiont in Noctuidonema guayanense, an ectoparasitic nematode of Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 66, 94-96. 

Vuori, K., Pihlajaniemi, T., Myllyla, R. and Kivirikko, K.I. (1992) Site-directed mutagenesis of human protein disulfide isomerase - effect on the assembly, activity and endoplasmic-reticulum retention of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. EMBO JoumalW, 4213-4217. 

Baculoviruses are members of a large group of double-stranded DNA viruses which only infect invertebrates, including insects. The restricted host range makes baculoviruses safer than mammalian expression systems. The most widely used baculoviruses are Autographa califor-nica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. The host cell most commonly used is Sf9, derived from the fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda. 

Cuts from the silica gel column were incorporated into artificial diets optimized for several economically-important agricultural pest insects, the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella> the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens> the corn earworm H. zea and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. > Monitoring with this artificial diet bioassay, further column chromatography and preparative TLC on silica gel in diethylether-petrol yielded five... 

Our initial studies (25,26) determined the comparative fate of a radiocarbon-labeled preparation of the commonly occurring linear furanocoumarln, xanthotoxln (8-methoxypsoralen) in black swallowtail caterpillars and in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) larvae. Black swallowtail caterpillars are known not to be adversely affected by linear furanocoumarlns (22), while Spodoptera spp. avoid such plants as food sources... 

Figure 2. Major metabolites of xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen) in last-stage larvae of the black swallowtail butterfly (Papilio polyxenes) and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

Spodoptera frugiperda IPLB-Sf21-AE cell line, simply named Sf21, was originally established by Vaughn et al. in 1977. Sf9 is a clone derived from Sf21 by the same authors [51]. 

Francken BJ, Josson K, Lijnen P, et al. Human 5-hydroxytryptamine5A receptors activate coexpressed G, and G0 proteins in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells. Mol Pharmacol 2000 57 1034-1044. 

Sf-9 cells are derived from the IPLBSF-21 cell line, isolated by Vaughn et al. (1977) from pupal ovarian tissue of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. This cell line is commonly used for bioproduct expression employing baculovirus as vectors, similarly to the High-Five cell line. 

Rhiel M, Mitchell-Logean CM, Murhammer DW (1997), Comparison of Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn-5Bl-4 (High Five ) and Spodoptera frugiperda Sf-9 insect cell line metabolism in suspension cultures, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 55 909-920. 

Vaughn JL, Goodwin RH, Tompkins GJ, McCawley P (1977), The establishment of two cell lines from the insect Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera Noctuidae), In Vitro 13 213-217. 

Tremblay GB, Mejia NR, MacKenzie RE (1992), The NADP-dependent methylenete-trahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase-formyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase is not expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda cells, J. Biol. Chem. 267 8281-8285. 

Drews M, Paalme T, Vilu R (1995), The growth and nutrient utilization of the insect cell line Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 in batch and continuous culture, J. Biotechnol. 40 187-198. 

Davidson DJ, Fraser MJ, Castellino FJ (1990) Oligosaccharide processing in the expression of human plasminogen cDNA by lepidopteran insect (Spodoptera frugiperda) cells. Biochemistry. 29(23) 5584-90. 

In a study carried out by Castro et al. (1997), the authors evaluated the susceptibility of four different lepidopteran cell lines to AgMNPV virus. Anticarsia gemmatalis (UFL-AG-286) and Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLBSF-21) infected cells were productive, whereas Choristoneura fumi-ferana (IPRI-CF-124T) and Bombyx mori (BM-5) infected cells were abortive. 

Other examples of in vitro baculovirus systems (virus-cell line) are Helicoverpa armigera SNPV and Helicoverpa zea cells, with 222 polyhe-dra per cell (Lua et ah, 2002) Trichoplusia ni NPV and Trichoplmia ni cells, with 70 polyhedra per cell (Potter et ah, 1976) Lymantria dispar MNPV and Lymantria dispar cells, with 57 polyhedra per cell (Slavicek et al., 1996) Spodoptera frugiperda MNPV and Spodoptera frugiperda, with 399 polyhedra per cell (Almeida et al., 2005). 

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