Lymantria dispar

R,8S)-(+)-Disparlure (12) is the female sex pheromone of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). Advent of Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) allowed several new syntheses of 12 possible. Sharpless synthesized 12 as shown in Scheme 17 [27]. Scheme 18 summarizes Ko s synthesis of 12 employing AD-mix-a [28]. He extended the carbon chain of A by Payne rearrangement followed by alkylation of an alkynide anion with the resulting epoxide to give B. Keinan developed another AD-based synthesis of 12 as shown in Scheme 19 [29]. Mit-sunobu inversion of A to give B was the key step, and the diol C could be purified by recrystallization. 

Some lepidopteran species secret methyl-branched chemicals for their sexual communication. These have been abbreviated with Me to indicate the position of the methyl group. Disparlure (Me2,epo7-18 H) is a well-known pheromone identified from Lymantria dispar [3] and two other species in the same genus, L.fumida [95] and L. monacha [96]. L. monacha also secrets an... 

Forest Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) Me2,epo7-18 H (disparlure) USA 10,000 150,000... 

A study using the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, illustrates the overall pathways involved in production of epoxide pheromone components (Fig. 3) [77]. This insect uses disparlure, Me2,epo7-18 H, as a pheromone component. In-... 

Copper is toxic to sensitive species of terrestrial vegetation at >40 pg/L nutrient solution (seedlings of pines, Pirns spp.), at >10 mg/kg DW leaves (cucumber, Cucumis sativus), and >60 mg extractable Cu/kg DW soil (sweet orange, Citrus sinensis Table 3.4). Among sensitive species of terrestrial invertebrates, adverse effects on survival, growth, or reproduction occur at 2 pg Cu/cm2 on paper discs (earthworms), >50 mg Cu/kg diet (larvae of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar), and 53 to 70 mg Cu/kg DW soil (earthworms and soil nematodes Table 3.4). 

Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar Larvae were fed diets containing 10, 50, 250, or 1250 mg Cu/kg ration from first instar to pupation effects measured on development rate, growth, survival, and reproductive success Oribatid mite, Platynothrus peltifer Fed diets with 13 (control), 28, 64, 168, 598, or 1498 mg Cu/kg DW diet for 3 months... 

Gintenreiter, S., J. Ortel, and H.J. Nopp. 1993. Effects of different dietary levels of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc on the vitality of the forest pest insect Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae, Lepid). Arch. Environ. 

Bagatto, G. and J.D. Shorthouse. 1996. Accumulation of Cu and Ni in successive stages of Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae, Lepidoptera) near ore smelters at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Environ. Pollut. 92 7-12. 

In moths, it was discovered in Helicoverpa zea that a peptide produced in the subesophageal ganglion portion of the brain complex regulates pheromone production in female moths (19). This factor has been purified and characterized in three species, Helicoverpa zea (20), Bombyx mori (21, 22), and Lymantria dispar (23). They are all a 33- or 34-amino acid peptide (named pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide, PBAN) and have in common an amidated C-terminal 5-amino acid sequence (FXPRL-amide), which is the minimum peptide fragment required for pheromon-tropic activity. In the redbanded leafroller moth, it was shown that PBAN from the brain stimulates the release of a different peptide from the bursae copulatrix that is used to stimulate pheromone production in the pheromone gland found at the posterior tip of the abdomen (24). 

Fig. 31 Defensive compounds from Lymantria dispar larvae...

Needles (flavonol glycosides) mortality of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) ... 

GYPSY MOTH, Lymantria dispar, larvae 0.25% boric acid solution (436 mg B/L) 4-12 weeks (4) No effect on gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) (5)... 

Shapiro, M. and R.A. Bell. 1982. Enhanced effectiveness of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrosis virus formulated with boric acid. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 75 346-349. 

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