Spodoptera

Prodenia ornithogalli (Guenee) Protoparce sexta (Johannson) Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermuller) Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner) Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson)... 

Miyazawa M, T Wada, H Kameoka (1998) Biotransformation of (+) and (-) limonene by the larvae of common cutworm (Spodoptera liturd). J Agric Food Chem 46 300-303. 

Most of the viral vectors were constructed using (1) the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV), which is able to infect moth species, Spodoptera frugiperda ovarian cell lines and, in specific conditions, Drosophila cells (2) the Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), which is able to infect silkworm cells. To broaden the range of infection of hosts, a hybrid virus was generated [118,119]. 

Marti, O.G., Rogers, C.E. and Styer, E.L. (1995) Report on intracellular bacterial symbiont in Noctuidonema guayanense, an ectoparasitic nematode of Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 66, 94-96. 

Vuori, K., Pihlajaniemi, T., Myllyla, R. and Kivirikko, K.I. (1992) Site-directed mutagenesis of human protein disulfide isomerase - effect on the assembly, activity and endoplasmic-reticulum retention of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. EMBO JoumalW, 4213-4217. 

Highly toxic substances, such as cyanides, are sometimes feeding cues and stimulants for specialized insects. For example, instar larvae of the southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania) strongly prefer cyanogenic foods, such as foliage of the lima bean, a plant with comparatively elevated cyanide content — up to 31 mg/kg in some varieties — in the form of linamurin (Brattsten et al. 1983). Feeding was stimulated in southern army worms at dietary levels up to 508 mg KCN/kg... 

Brattsten, L.B., J.H. Samuelian, K.Y. Long, S.A. Kincaid, and C.K. Evans. 1983. Cyanide as afeeding stimulant for the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania. Ecol. Entomol. 8 125-132. 

El Saidy, M.F., M. Auda, and D. Degheele. 1989. Detoxification mechanisms of diflubenzuron and tefluben-zuron in the larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 35 211-222. 

Stevenson PC, Anderson JC, Blaney WM, Simmonds MSJ (1993) Developmental inhibition of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) larvae by a novel caffeoylquinic acid from the wild groundnut, Arachis paraguariensis. J Chem Ecol 19 2917-2933 Stockdale EA, Shepherd MA, Fortune S, Cuttle SP (2002) Soil fertility in organic farming systems - fundamentally different Soil Use Manage 18 301-308 Sturz AV, Christie BR, Matheson BG (1998) Associations of bacterial endophyte populations from red clover and potato crops with potential for beneficial allelopathy. Can J Microbiol 44 162-167... 

Gothama AAA, Lawrence GW, Sikorowski PP. Activity and persistence of Steinemema carpocapsae and Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus against S. exigua larvae on soybean. J Nematol. 1996 28 68-74. 

Kumar MR, Parihar A, Siddiqui AU. Effects of entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis sp., on Spodoptera litura. Ann Plant Protect Sci. 2003 11 406 107. 

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