Spodoptera exigua

Prodenia ornithogalli (Guenee) Protoparce sexta (Johannson) Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermuller) Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner) Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson)... 

Gothama AAA, Lawrence GW, Sikorowski PP. Activity and persistence of Steinemema carpocapsae and Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus against S. exigua larvae on soybean. J Nematol. 1996 28 68-74. 

Medicago tmncatula Leaves, Spodoptera exigua [76] Leaves, Spodoptera exigua [76] (35)-( )-nerolidol/ geranyllinalool synthase MtTPS3 [76]... 

Ritter, F. J., Briiggemann, I. E. M., Gut, J., and Persoons, C. J. (1982). Recent pheromone research in the Netherlands on muskrats and some insects pests introduced from America into Europe the muskrat, Odatra zibethicus, the American cockroach, Peri-planeta americana, and the beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua. American Chemical Society Symposium Series 190,107-130. 

That certain secondary metabolites from plants promote biodiversity has received experimental support. Thus, com, Zea mays, responds to the release of an amino acid ester, volicitin (Table 12.1), by a caterpillar, Spodoptera exigua, with the emission, at the foraging period of the day, of volatile mixtures of indole, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. These attract a caterpillar predator, the female parasitic wasp, Cotesia marginiventris (Albom 1997). 

Fig. 2.3. A female of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris attracted to the odor emitted by a maize leaf that has been damaged by a Spodoptera exigua larva.

Turlings, T. C. J., Albom, H. T., Loughrin, J. H. and Tumlinson, J. H. (2000). Volicitin, an elicitor of maize volatiles in oral secretion of Spodoptera exigua isolation and bioactivity. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26 189-202. 

Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate [16725-534] CH3(CH2)3CH=CH(CH2)8OOCCH3 southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania (with (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienyl acetate) beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua... 

Felton, G.W., Donato, K.K., Broadway, R.M., and Duffey, S.S., Impact of oxidized plant phenolics on the nutritional quality of dietary protein to anoctuid herbivore, Spodoptera exigua, J. Insect Physiol., 38, 277, 1992. 

Guirong W. and Yuyuan G. (2000) Cloning and expression of general odorant-binding protein gene from Spodoptera exigua. Unpublished sequence, Accession Number A J294808. 

Heldens JG, van Strien EA, Feldmann AM, Kulcsar P, Munoz D, Leisy DJ, Zuidema D, Goldbach RW, Vlak JM (1996), Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopoly-hedrovirus deletion mutants generated in cell culture lack virulence in vivo, J. Gen. Virol. 77 3127-3134. 

Table II. Effect of Dietary Protein on the Toxicity of PPO and Chlorogenic Acid (CHA) to Spodoptera exigua...

Table III. The Relationship Between the Nutritive Value of Various Proteins to Spodoptera exigua and the Ability of Protein to Alleviate Toxicity Resulting from the Formation of o-Quinones...

Figure 2. Effect of Alkylation of Casein By Chlorogenoquinone on in vitro Protein Digestibility and Relative Growth of larval Spodoptera exigua. 1.0% casein was treated CHA concentrations shown and with 0.100 change in OD yQ/min/gm diet PPO. Larval growth and protein digestibility reported as percent control where control equals 100%.

From females of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, the (Z,E)- and (Z,Z)-tetradecadienyl acetates, the (Z)-9- and (Z)-l1-tetradecenyl acetates and tetra-decanyl acetate were isolated and identified. Synthetic mixtures of some of these components attract male moths in field tests. 

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is a rather recent pest in Holland, where it is now called the Florida moth. After it was accidentally introduced into the Netherlands in 1976, it immediately became a grave pest in greenhouses, mainly for chrysanthemums and gerberae, but to a lesser extent also for egg-plants. As application of insecticides such as synthetic pyrethroids, initially effective, soon proved to have become inadequate, other methods were needed, and pheromones were investigated as possible alternatives. 

While our most recent communication was in press (45), a publication on the same subject by Tumlinson, Mitchell and Sonnet appeared (46). They isolated 11 compounds from female Spodoptera exigua, but their field tests demonstrated that a mixture of only two of them, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate and the free alcohol, (Z)-9-tetradecenol, in a ratio of 5 4, were needed for attractancy. Such a mixture was equal in activity to live females,... 

We consider all these field tests still to be preliminary. They will have to be repeated on a larger scale and in different locations and countries before a complete picture can be gained. The work on Spodoptera exigua in Holland was done in collaboration with W.J. Nooijen of the Delft group and C. van der Kraan and S. Voermanof the Institute for Pesticide Research in Wageningen. 

RESPONSE OF WILD SPODOPTERA EXIGUA MALES TO SYNTHETIC PHEROMONE IN POLYETHYLENE CAPS... 

Figure 15 Volicitin from the oral secretion of Spodoptera exigua larvae.

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