Spodoptera litura

Stevenson PC, Anderson JC, Blaney WM, Simmonds MSJ (1993) Developmental inhibition of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) larvae by a novel caffeoylquinic acid from the wild groundnut, Arachis paraguariensis. J Chem Ecol 19 2917-2933 Stockdale EA, Shepherd MA, Fortune S, Cuttle SP (2002) Soil fertility in organic farming systems - fundamentally different Soil Use Manage 18 301-308 Sturz AV, Christie BR, Matheson BG (1998) Associations of bacterial endophyte populations from red clover and potato crops with potential for beneficial allelopathy. Can J Microbiol 44 162-167... 

Kumar MR, Parihar A, Siddiqui AU. Effects of entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis sp., on Spodoptera litura. Ann Plant Protect Sci. 2003 11 406 107. 

Bicyclic diterpenes-clerodanes. An important group of Insect antifeedants are the clerodane diterpenoids, which have been isolated from several different plant families (13)(Figure 1). Particularly well studied are the antifeedant activities of caryoptln and clerodin, and their derivatives, from Clerodendron and Caryopteris, Verbenaceae, against the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura L. (25-27). 

Two chlorine-containing clerodanes, tafricanlns A and B, with similar antifeedant properties, have been isolated from a South African bush, Teucrium africanum (32). Teucjaponln B, from Teucrlum japonlcum, is also inhibitory to the feeding of Spodoptera litura... 

I> C. cryptophyllum Verbenaceae 3-epicaryoptin Clerodendrin A Spodoptera litura (25-27)... 

Several phenylpropanoid compounds have pronounced anti feeding activity. Isoasarone (from Piper futokadzura, Piperaceae) and piperenone were highly active against Spodoptera litura (54). 

A number of sesquiterpenes have been demonstrated to have pronounced biological activity ( ) among the non-volatile compounds the sesquiterpene lactones are best known (M) but other oxygenated sesquiterpenes are also known to be active. For example, the role of gossypol, a dimeric sesquiterpene and structurally related compounds has been investigated (21,22). The oxygenated sesquiterpenes, shiromodiol monoacetate and diacetate, from Parabenzoin trilobum (=Lindera triloba Blume) possess potent anti feeding activity toward Spodoptera litura larvae (85). 

Furocoumarins such as isopimpinellin, bergapten, and kokusagin have antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura (54). A number of similar compounds from umbelliferous plants have been demonstrated to be active antifeedants against Spodoptera litura. Periplaneta americana. Musca domestica. Blattela germani ca, and Stylopyga rhombifolia (98). 

Wheeler, D. A., Isman, M. B., Sanchez-Vindas, P. E. and Arnason, J. T. (2001). Screening of Costa Rican Trichilia species for biological activity against the larvae of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera Noctuidae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 24 347-335. 

Samaderin B, (17 ,2A,5R,5a7 ,7a3, 113, lla3, llhR,14.5 )T,7,7tf,ll,ll ,117-hexahydro-l,ll-dihydroxy-8,lltf,14-tri-methyl-277-5tf,2,5-(methanoxymetheno)naphth[l,2-<7]oxepine-4,6,10(577)-trione, and samaderin C, (lR,2S,5R,5aR, 7aS, KXS, 113, 11 3, 1 HR, 14S)-7,7a, 10, ll,ll ,117-hexahydro-l, 10,11 -trihydroxy-8, ll ,14-trimethyl-277-5 , 2,5-(metha-noxymetheno)naphth[l,2- oxepine-4,6(177,577)-dione, were isolated from the seed kernels of Samadera indica and exhibit antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura third-instar larvae <2003AXC416>. 

Nomura M, Itioka T. 2002. Effects of synthesized tannin on the growth and survival of a generalist herbivorous insect, the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera Noctuidae). Appl Entomol Zool 37 285-289. 

Fonagy A., Matsumoto S., Uchhiumi K., Orikasa C. and Mitsui T. (1992b) Action of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide on pheromone glands of Bombyx mori and Spodoptera litura. J. Pest. Sci. 17, 47-54. 

Matsumoto S., Ozawa R., Uchiumi K., Kurihara M. and Mitsui T. (1995a) Intracellular signal transduction of PBAN action in the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura effects of pharmacological agents on sex pheromone production in vitro. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 25, 1055-1059. 

Wheeler DA, Isman MB (2000) Effect of Trichilia americana extract on feeding behavior of Asian armyworm, Spodoptera litura. J Chem Ecol 26 2791-2800... 

The antimicrobial polymethylated flavones, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,4 -pentamethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone and 5,6-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone, have been isolated from Gnaphalium affine D Don. [229,230], These flavonoids showed antimicrobial activity against Spodoptera litura. Structure-activity studies suggested the importance of the 6-position substitution of the flavonoid however, hydrophilic substituents decreased the activity. The flavonoid 8-0-(2-methyl-2-butenoyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone isolated from Gnaphalium robustum L. also inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli [231]. 

Spodoptera litura (fabricius) tobacco caterpillar larva adult FI, GR repellent ]pT, TTt), ill TT2 ... 

Both (+) and (-) limonene were transformed by larvae of the cutworm Spodoptera litura (Miyazawa et al. 1998) the reactions for both enantiomers involved (1) dihydroxylation between C-8 and C-9 and (2) oxidation of the C-l methyl group to carboxyl. These transformations were not dependent on the intestinal microflora in comparison with the transformation of oc-ter-pinene to p-mentha-l,3-dien-7-ol and p-cymene whose formation could be attributed to the intestinal flora. 

Miyazawa, M., T. Wada, and H. Kameoka. 1998. Biotransformation of (+) and (-) limonene by the larvae of common cutworm (Spodoptera litura).. Agric. Food Chem. 46 300-303. 

Devi PSV. Soil treatment with Nomuraea rileyi a promising technique for control of Spodoptera litura on groundnut. Biocontrol Sci Technol 5 361-364,1995. 

Four quassinoids, indaquassin C (197), samaderins C (12), B (11) and A (5), isolated from the seeds and bark of Samadera indica [113], were tested for insect antifeedant against the tobaco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. Indaquassin C (197) was the most effective antifeedant. 

Spodoptera litura for 15, quercetin (3,5,7,3, 4 -pentahydroxyflavonol) and rutin, its 3-Orhamnoglucoside, both of which have 3, 4 -dihydroxy substitution on the B ring [27]. 

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