Spodoptera exempta

S 3- > 3 S o 2. rt o B 3 A. reptans Labiatae Ajugareptansones A B Spodoptera exempta, Schistocerca gregaria, Bombyx mori, Pectinophora gossypiella Spodoptera littoralis (29, 30) ... 

Several non-volatile iridoid monoterpenes occur as glycosides and have been observed to have biological activity. For example, xylomolin, from the unripe fruits of Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem. (Meliaceae) has antifeedant activity against Spodoptera exempta an African armyworm at 100 ppm ( ) and crotepoxide from Croton macrostachys (Euphorbiaceae) possesses antifeedant activity against Spodoptera exempta (85). 

Spodoptera exempta (Walker) nutgrass armyworm larva FI ... 

Among some other quinoline alkaloids, N-methylflindersine was isolated firom rutaceous plants such as O. japonica and Fagara chalybea and showed antifeedant activity against insects Spodoptera exempta) [10]. Eduli-nine, on the other hand, isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans (Rutaceae), was shown to possess analgesic and anticonvulsive activities [11]. 

Xylomollin (41), a secoiridoid isolated from the bitter unripe fruit of Xylocarpus moluccensis (or more likely X. granatum) (Meliaceae), is an effective deterrent to feeding by the African army worm, Spodoptera exempta at the 100-ppm level in leaf disks and strongly inhibits respiration in rat liver mitochondria (Kubo and Nakanishi, 1977 Mabry and Gill, 1979 Nakanishi, 1977 Nakane et al., 1978). However, there is some doubt about the source of this compound reinvestigation failed to reveal the reported compounds (Jensen, 1991). 

A recently discovered specific receptor for the nucleoside adenosine and adenine by Ma (1977a) and Ma and Kubo (1977) was not unexpected, as Hsiao (1969) identified both compounds as feeding stimulants for the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. This receptor cell, identified in the lateral sensilliun stylo-conicum of Spodoptera exempta larvae, perceives adenosine that occurs in host plants and its activity is correlated with feeding. Adenosine is known to occur in all living tissues and presumably Spodoptera larvae, as other insects, have no specific nutritional requirement for this compound. The question arises if this sensitivity is unique to Spodoptera larvae and why such a chemoreceptor has... 

Clark, J. V. (1980) Changes in the feeding rate and receptor sensitivity over the last instar of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta. Ent. exp. appl., 27, 144-8. 

Ma, W.-C. (1976b) Experimental observations of food-aversive responses in larvae of Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) (Lepidopterd, Noctuidae), Bull, Ent, Res, 66, 87-96. 

Ma, W.-C. (1977a) Electrophysiological evidence for chemosensitivity to adenosine, adenine and sugars in Spodoptera exempta and related species. Experientia, 33, 356-8. 

Ma, W.-C. (1977b) Alterations of chemoreceptor function in armyworm larvae (Spodoptera exempta) by a plant-derived sesquiterpenoid and by sulfhydryl reagents. Physiol, Ent, 2, 199-207. 

Spodoptera exempta Spodoptera sp. Utethesia ornatrix Locusta migratoria Manduca sexta... 

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