Specifications and Codes of Practice

The international standards for immersion testing of rubber deal with the change in weight and volume of rubber samples when they are immersed in various corrosive liquids. The details of these specifications are given below for reference. 

1 ASTM D471/77.52T Part 37 (American) Test on Rubber property - Effects on fluid 

903 Part A16 (British) The resistance of vulcanized rubber to liquids 

3 DIN 53521 (German) Testing of Hevea rubber and determining the behaviour towards liquids, vapours and gases 

5 ISO Recommendations R1817 Methods of tests for resistance of vulcanized rubbers to liquids 

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Information based on experience, which includes national standards, specifications and codes of practice, and also the technical and scientific literature reviews and reports. Corrosion engineers, technologists and scientists employed by specialist organisations or as consultants form the most important source of information, and their advice should be sought wherever possible. 

Accepted solutions are usually covered by specifications and codes of practice. These documents are important for three reasons they form part of the contract they define methods of design and fabrication proven by experience and they act as a means of communication between the parties involved in design, fabrication, construction and inspection. There is a strong incentive to use standard solutions as unexpected problems or misunderstandings are less likely to occur than if a novel solution is attempted such problems lead to the cost of rectification, but the delay that they cause is usually more importantConsequently project managers are often reluctant to be the first to use a novel solution. 

A number of specifications and codes of practice are followed throughout the world for rubber lining, the major ones being from the ASTM, the BS Specifications, the German Institute for Standardisation (DIN) and the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) which give exhaustive information on rubber lining procedures, testing methods and code of practice. 

International seminars and conferences have been held in various countries to address this critical issue, and enabled the participants to share their experiences in corrosion and its protection [1, 2]. Motivated by the knowledge sharing, acceptable specifications and code of practice were drafted by many institutions in the developing and developed nations and subsequently followed by industry. 

British standards institution A national organization (corresponding to the American National Standards Institute and the American Society for Testing and Materials), which establishes and publishes standard specifications and codes of practice. 

Electrical apparatus, equipment and installations are tested to prove that they are safe and fit for purpose and that they comply with relevant standards, specifications and codes of practice. 

British Standards National standards involving lest methods, specifications for quality, safety, performance, etc., and codes of practice. Standards are prepared by the British Standards Institution. Ref. British Standards Year Book. 

Make sure that the drawings, specifications and bid documents are clear and unambiguous. Do not rely on exclusion clauses in the specification or bid document. Have designs checked and use methods and equipment that comply with British Standards and Codes of Practice. 

The number and quality of the safety shut-off valves required is specified in the relevant Standards and Codes of Practice. These are usually electrically operated valves conforming to class 1 or class 2 as defined in BS 5963, Specification for electrically-operated automatic gas shutoff valves (1981). This specifies forward pressures and reverse pressures that the valve must withstand in the closed position together with closing times. 

Ensure that the application of a protective coating (applied in situ or in a factory) is adequately supervised and inspected in accordance with the specification or code of practice. 

Standards is a general term covering the documents published by a standards making body, such as the International Standards Organisation (ISO). The word specification is reserved for those standards which specify minimum requirements for materials or products. Other types of standard include Methods of Test, Glossaries of Terms, Guides and Codes of Practice. It follows that a specification may refer to several methods of test and that a commercially written specification can refer to nationally or internationally standardised test methods. 

The Codex Alimentarius statutes and rules of procedure provide specific information about what form the Codex decisions can take (such as Standards, Guidelines and Codes of Practice etc.), and on how decisions are made. The elaboration of Codex standards follows a stepwise procedure to ensure that all relevant parties, including governments, professional and consumer organisations and other Codex Committees that may have an interest in the content of a standard have several opportunities to express their opinion (Fig. 12.1). Typically, the need for a draft standard for a contaminant in foods will be recognised by the CCFAC as a result of a discussion in the Committee. Such a discussion will often be based on a Position Paper produced by one or more Member States that can provide particular experience or expertise on the problem. The CCFAC Chairman and the Codex Secretariat will ensure that this Member State or states, sometimes supported by a drafting group, will provide a draft standard as basis for the further, more formal work. The draft standard will be sent for comments to the parties concerned and subsequently discussed first time in the CCFAC on step 3. 

There is a notable absence of specifications or codes of practice on the use of electrochemical corrosion testing and it is hoped that these guidelines will fill this gap in corrosion science. 

Specific requirements under the occupational health and safety and electrical safety acts, regulations, and codes of practice in your country, province, state, or territory need to be followed. 

Are the relevant drawings, specifications, standards and codes of practice issued to these persons, or are they at least readily available for reference ... 

Plugs and sockets must be of the correct type and specification, and meet Regulations and Codes of Practice requirements. 

The following Standards and Codes of Practice are referenced within this Specification. All materials, workmanship and testing shall conform to the requirements of the latest editions of the following Standards and Codes of Practice except as explicitly varied by this Specification. 

Specification for lithium based grease for industrial purposes Code of practice for installation and maintenance of induction motors Dimensions of slide rails... 

Torsional test and minimum torques for bolts and screws with nominal diameters I mm to lO mm Specification for spring washers for general engineering and automobile purpo.ses, Metric series Code of practice for design of high-voltage open-terminal stations... 

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