Tropical developers

Greenhalgh, P. (1986). The World Market for Silk. London Tropical Development and Research Institute. 

When processing at high temperatures a mildly alkaline, buffered borax developer is recommended. Alkali-free developers of the amidol type or one of the mildly alkaline fine grain developers such as Kodak D-23 are preferable to those with normal alkali content. Additionally, a pre-hardening bath such as Kodak SB-4 Tropical Hardener Bath or a specially formulated tropical developer may be used. 

Modifying Developers For Tropical Development Most developers can be made suitable for use at high temperatures (up to 95F/35C) through the addition of 105.0 grams of sodium sulfate, anhydrous,... 

Stop Bath for Tropical Development Films should be immersed for three minutes in either Kodak SB-4 Tropical Hardener Bath or Kodak SB-5 Nonswelling Acid Rinse Bath after development and before fixation. Agitate the negative in the stop bath frequently. 

Notes In nonswelling acid rinse baths for roll film and in tropical developers for use at high temperatures. Store in a tightly sealed bottle and store in a cool place. 

This solution is recommended for use with tropical developers when working above 75F/24C. 

To use, soak the exposed film in the prehardener for 10 minutes with moderate agitation. Then drain the film for a few seconds, immerse in water for 30 seconds, drain thoroughly, and immerse in the developer. In general, developers such as Kodak D-76 may be used up to 95F/35C. Above 95F/35C it may be better to use developers specifically formulated for tropical developing (Tropical Developers High-Temperature Processing up to 105F/40C, above). 

Cooper AT, Goswami DY, Block SS (1998) Solar Photochemical Detoxification and Disinfection for Water Treatment in Tropical Developing Countries, J. Adv. Oxid. Technol. 3, No. 2 151-154. 

The increasing awareness and worsening situation of household pest problems and the improved socioeconomic conditions in many tropical developing countries have resulted in the increased demand and use of household insecticide products. 

The largest parasitic roundworm, common among humans living in tropical developing countries, is Ai -caris lumbricoides. This roundworm can grow up to 14 in (35 cm) in length within the small intestine of its host. 

Resistance of vTKM6f plants to SSB is probably due to the production of certain allomones which inhibit oviposition and disrupt the insect s growth and development. Some of these factors, such as compound A, have recently been identified and synthesized in collaboration with the Tropical Development Research Institute (formerly Tropical Products Institute), London (20). The allomones in the resistant TKM6 variety thus account for inhibition of SSB oviposition and for adverse effects on egg (embryonic), larval and pupal (post-embryonic) stages. On the other hand, nine wild rices (four . minuta J.S. Presl., four 0 officinalis Wall ex. Watt, and one (). punctata Kotschy ex. Steud.) had no compound A in their plant volatiles, but a few were still toxic to SSB (21). This confirms that allomones other than compound A may also be involved in SSB resistance. The role of nutritional factors in growth of SSB larvae remains yet to be studied. 

Jay, E.G. (1986) Factors affecting the use of carbon dioxide for treating raw and processed agricultural products. GASGA Seminar on Fumigation Technology in Developing Countries. Tropical Development and Research Institute, London, pp 173-189. 

FIGURE 7.1 Jute stem (combined transverse section and longitudinal section). Magnification x 70. (Courtesy of Dr. C.G. Jarman, Tropical Development and Research Institute, London, UK.)... 

FIGURE 7.2 Part of a fiber bundle of jute as seen in transverse view under the scanning electron microscope. The cementing material between the ultimate fibers can be clearly seen. Magnification x 7600. (Scanning electron micrograph by Mr. A.J. Canning. Courtesy of Tropical Development and Research... 

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