Specific antibody response

LALLES J p, DREAU D, HUET A, TOULLEC R (1995) Systemic and local gut-specific antibody responses in preruminant calves sensitive to soya. Res Vet Sci. 59 56-60. 

There are two pneumococcal vaccines, a 7-valent conjugated vaccine for children younger than 6 years of age and a 23-purified-capsular polysaccharide antigen vaccine for adults. The 23 capsular types in the vaccine represent at least 85% to 90% of the serotypes that cause invasive pneumococcal infections among children and adults in the United States.41 After vaccination, an antigen-specific antibody response, indicated by a twofold or greater rise in serotype-specific antibody, develops within 2 to 3 weeks in 80% or more of healthy young adults.42... 

In an immune response, antibodies are produced and secreted by the B-lymphocytes in conjunction with the T, cells. In the majority of hapten-carrier systems, the B cells end up producing antibodies that are specific for both the hapten and the carrier. In these cases, the T lymphocytes will have specific-binding domains on the carrier, but will not recognize the hapten alone. In a kind of synergism, the B- and T-cells cooperate to induce a hapten-specific antibody response. After such an immune response has taken place, if the host is subsequently challenged with only the hapten, usually it will respond by producing hapten-specific antibodies from memory cells formed after the initial immunization. For a review of immunobiology (see Janeway, 2004). 

Figure 19.3 The effectiveness of cBSA as an immunogen can be seen by the comparison of specific antibody response in mice to AV coupled to both nBSA cBSA. The quantity injected was standardized according to the amount of AV present. The cationized carrier results in higher concentrations of antibody produced against the peptide than the immunogen made with nBSA.

Wigdorovitz et al. [39] used a TMV expression vector to produce VP1, the 26-kDa structural protein from FMDV, and tested it in mice. Mice injected intraperitoneally with leaf extracts prepared from infected plants mounted an antibody response against the plant-derived protein. All immunized mice were protected when challenged with virulent FMDV. One-year old calves immunized with plant extracts containing VP1 also developed FMDV-specific antibody responses. 

In another study, CPMV particles that displayed a peptide derived from the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) elicited specific antibody responses in mice against the peptide and protected mice from tumor challenge [45]. 

Foot and mouth disease virus VP1 epitope Potato FMDV-VPl-specific antibody response. Immunogenic. Protective against challenge. 22... 

Foot and mouth disease virus VP1 epitope Alfalfa leaf Mice developed specific antibody response to synthetic peptide,VP1 epitope, and intact FMDV particle. Immunogenic in mice when administered parenterally or orally. Mice protected against challenge with FMDV vims. 21, 23... 

In rabbits with undemutrition due to a shortage of calories there was a depressed agglutinin production against typhoid vaccine (C3, R4). A similar incapacity to produce antibodies to typhoid vaccine was reported in children with severe protein malnutrition (Bll). During treatment of 5 children, mean age 24 months, with chronic primary malnutrition, it was observed that their response to a single standard dose of 100 imits of purified diphtheroid toxoid was small and slow. Furthermore there was no correlation between specific antibody response and serum protein levels (02). 

Pantarotto et al. [30] Functionalized SW CNT + small peptide sequence from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) SW CNT-FMDV peptide complex induced a specific antibody response in vivo. It was maintained and recognized by mono- and polyclonal antibodies... 

Figure 273 Cationized BSA even can increase the specific antibody response to large proteins coupled to it. This graph shows a comparison of the relative antibody response in mice to injections of ovalbumin, either in an unconjugated form or conjugated to native or cationized BSA. The quantity injected was standardized according to the amount of ovalbumin present. The highly basic cBSA molecule modulates the immune response to enhance the production of antibodies toward even proteins conjugated with it.

Soto-Aguilar MC, deShazo RD, Morgan JE, Mather P, Ibrahim G, Frentz JM, Lauritano AA. Total IgG and IgG subclass specific antibody responses to insulin in diabetic patients. Ann Allergy 1991 67(5) 499-503. 

This fact may have a role in the therapeutic action of the allergoid it is worth noting that the chemical modification does not affect the ability of the allergoid to elicit a specific antibody response against the native allergen [50],... 

Parr, E.L., M.B. Parr, and M. Thapar. 1988. A comparison of specific antibody responses in mouse vaginal fluid after immunization by various routes. J Reprod Immunol 14 165. 

Jenkins, D. J. Rickard, M. D. (1985). Specific antibody responses to Taenia hydatigena, T. pisiformis and Echinococcus granulosus in dogs. Australian Veterinary Journal, 62 72-8. 

Specific antibody responses in dogs experimentally infected with Echinococcus granulosus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 35 345-49. 

Evaluating the immune response to the vaccine at the same time as evaluating toxicity is recommended in a 2003 WHO guideline (Table 31.1). This makes good sense because any toxicity observed with vaccines is frequently related to the immune response, and correlation of these two endpoints provides a fuller explanation of the test results. Assays to measure the immune response include those which measure antigen-specific antibody responses (e.g., ELISA) and cell-mediated responses (e.g., y-interferon—ELISPOT). Developing these... 

Scheule AM, Beierlein W, Wendel HP, Jurmann MJ, Eckstein FS, Ziemer G. Aprotinin in fibrin tissue adhesives induces specific antibody response and increases antibody response of high-dose intravenous application. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999 118(2) 348-53. 

---