Beverages, intoxicating

Ethanol, C2H5OH, is responsible for the effects of intoxication felt after drinking alcoholic beverages. When ethanol burns in oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water are produced. 

The simplest alcohol is methanol, CH,OH, also called methyl alcohol in a less systematic system of naming. Methanol is also known as wood alcohol. Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol, is the principal constituent of intoxicating beverages. Other alcohols of importance are included in Table 21-5. Note that the systematic names of alcohols characteristically end in -ol. 

Duffield AM, Jamieson DD, Lidgard RO, Duffield PFI, Bourne DJ. (1989). Identification of some human urinary metabolites of the intoxicating beverage kava. J Chromatogr. 475 273-81. 

Denaturing agents substances added to alcohol to render it unfit for use as an intoxicating beverage. 

Even though the subjects were aware of the sensations and the physical incoordination produced by the Salvia infusion, they claimed there minds seemed to be in a state of acute awareness. The experience was not like intoxication from alcoholic beverages. 

The problem of drunkenness was well known in ancient and early Christian times, and many religious and other leaders condemned the use of alcohol. At the same time, though, wine was celebrated in Greek religion as the gift of Dionysus (or Bacchus), and in the New Testament and subsequent Christian tradition it became the blood of Christ. Alcohol had a less prominent role in Jewish culture. The Muslims, however, banned its use. Attitudes toward alcohol and other intoxicating beverages vary widely in other world cultures. 

Volstead Act, passed by the U.S. Congress, defines intoxicating liquor as any beverage that contained as much as 0.5% alcohol (thus including beer as well as hard liquor). 

DMT, or N,N-dimethyltryptamine, is a hallucinogenic chemical found in a variety of natural and synthetic compounds. It is present in many plant genera Acacia, Anadenanthera, Mimosa, Piptadenia, Virola) and is a major component of several hallucinogenic snuffs (cohoba, parica, yopo). DMT is also present in the intoxicating beverage ayahuasca, which is made from Banis-teriopsis caapi plants. 

AYAHUASCA An intoxicating beverage made fromBan-isteriopsis caapi plants, which contain DMT. 

The Kava plant, Piper methysticum, has been used by Pacific Island societies for several thousand years to prepare an intoxicating ceremonial beverage renowned for its relaxing effects and purported health benefits <1997MI84>. The psychoactive principles extracted from the Kava root are a family of 15 ct-pyrone derivatives known as the kavalac-tones. The more prevalent of these include (+)-kavain 61, (+)-methysticin 62, yangonin 63, and their more saturated derivatives 64, 65, and 66, respectively. 

BoNTs present a very real threat to the public health and are the most toxic substances known to humankind. In a military or bioterrorist incident, intoxication by BoNT is likely to occur by inhalation of aerosolized toxin or by ingestion of contaminated food or beverages (Franz, 1997 Sobel et al,... 

The National Prohibition Act subsequently was passed to provide the means to investigate and punish violators of the Eighteenth Amendment. The legislation, which was passed over the veto of President Woodrow Wilson, is better known as the Volstead Act because it was introduced by Minnesota Representative Andrew Volstead. Scheduled to take effect in 1920, the act defined an intoxicating beverage as one containing more than 0.5% alcohol. 

Many people today believe that coffee helps them sober up after drinking too much alcohol. This belief, actually, is far from new, as it is at least as old as 17th-century Western Europe. At that time a book on beverages noted that coffee sobers you up instantaneously, or in any event sobers up those who are not fully intoxicated (Schivelbusch, 1992, p. 35). Coffee was regarded as an ideal beverage. In the 19th century the poet-historian Jules Michelet praised coffee because it heightens purity and lucidity (Schivelbusch, 1992, p. 35). 

Denatured alcohol is ethanol that has been rendered unfit for use in intoxicating beverages by the addition of other substances. Completely denatured alcohol contains added wood alcohol (methanol) and benzene and is unsuitable for either internal or external use. Specially denatured alcohol is ethanol treated with one or more substances so that iks use may be permitted for a specialized purpose. Examples are iodine in alcohol for tincture of iixlinc. methanol, and other. substances in mouthwashes and aftershave lotiun.s. and methanol in alcohol for preparing plant extracts. 

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