Specialized Reviews

Inman and C.J. Moody, Indole Synthesis - Something Old, Something New, Chem. ScL, 2013, 4, 29-41. An excellent review that focuses on a monosubstituted arene starting point by a leading practitioner of indole chemistry and synthesis (Moody). D.F. Taber and P.K. Tirunahari, Indole Synthesis A Review and Proposed Classification, Tetrahedron, 2011, 67, 7195-7210. 

A concise, modem review that proposes a useful classification system for constmcting the indole ring. 

Vicente, Recent Advances in Indole Synthesis New Routes for a Classic Target, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2011,9,6469-6480. A review that covers the most recent developments and innovations. 

Humphrey and J.T. Kuethe, Practical Methodologies for the Synthesis of Indoles, Chem. Rev., 2006, 106, 2875-2911. A comprehensive review covering both classic and modem indole ring syntheses. 

Indole and Its Derivatives (2000), in Science of Synthesis Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations, Category 2, vol. 10 (ed. E.J. Thomas), George Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany Chapter 10.13. An outstanding, comprehensive review written by a leading heterocyclic chemist. 

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Status of Pesticides in Reregistration and Special Review, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

The Platinum Group Metal Reviews is a specialized review series focusiag on the new developments and uses of PGMs. Each issue also provides a brief description of recent patents issued ia the field. 

There are numerous other specialized reviews in specific topical areas that are listed in the Davison and Graham review cited in Table 1.2. Beyond these sources of information, the various Proceedings of the Ameriean Physieal Soeiety Topieal Conferenees on Shoek Waves in Condensed Matter should be consulted [6]. The recent book by the present author may also be of interest [16]. 

Perhaps of more interest are also numerous reviews of specialized topical areas within shock-compression science as tabulated in Table 1.2. These specialized reviews contain much detailed information on the topics under con-... 

The tautomeric equilibrium in variously substituted imidazo- 53 (93KGS1353) and triazolo-fused pyrimidines 54 (88KGS1489 91KGS1539 93KGS1353 93KGS1357) has been comprehensively studied by Desenko and colleagues, whose results were summarized in a special review (95KGS147). 

In the present chapter, we will start to briefly summarize all the aspects of this subject, which have been covered in previous specialized reviews, allowing for a broad and general discussion on the subject. Then we will focus on the chemical modification of PS in the presence of cationic catalysts. 

The unsubstituted parent 1,5-diazocine (1) is hitherto unknown. Benzannulated systems, however, have been prepared, particularly dibenzo f>,/][l, 5]diazocine and its derivatives which have been intensively investigated due to their pharmacological properties. So far, all compounds synthesized show no evidence for delocalization of the 7t-electrons. One special review on the chemistry of 1,5-diazocines is available.1... 

To date little is known about the chemistry of triazocines. Only three of the five possible isomeric structures are relevant in the context of this review as there are no reported syntheses of the 1,2,3- (I) and 1,3,6-triazo (5) compounds. A special review on triazocines is available.1... 

The Encyclopedia provides valuable information for readers with different expectations and backgrounds (from scientists, students and lecturers to informed lay-people) and fills the gap between pharmacology textbooks and specialized reviews. 

Since completion of the manuscript several special reviews have appeared on the electrochemistry of conducting polymers and related topics A further... 

For a more-detailed treatment of the use of intercalation compounds in electrochemistry, more-specialized reviews (Wl, El5, B33) may be consulted. 

There is an enormous literature on thiocarbonyl compounds, due in part to the technical and industrial importance of many of them, including thioamides, thioureas, xanthates, dithiocarbamates and so forth. An excellent, and recent, general review is available.107 There are also specialized reviews germane to the present chapter Griffin, Woods, and Klayman2 discussed the use of thioureas in the synthesis of heterocycles the preparation of thiazoles from thioamides is included in a three-part volume on Thiazoles 108 the use of carbon disulfide in the synthesis of trithiones and related heterocycles has been reviewed by Mayer109 and Huisgen110 has reported numerous examples of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions in which carbon disulfide was used. 

Several useful specialized reviews have appeared during the reporting period of this chapter. The chemistry of thienothiophenes <06AHC(90)125> and thienopyrimidines <06AHC(92)83> has been discussed in detail, whereas accounts of related interest highlight the field of thiaheterohelicenes <06OBC2518> as well as similar fused thiophene systems <06AG(E)8092>. 

The third chapter of this volume is concerned with mono- and diazaquinones. S. R dl (Prague, Czech Republic) reviews compounds that contain one nitrogen or two nitrogen atoms directly within the quinonoid ring, a subject that has not been previously summarized in a comprehensive manner. This is in distinction to the several specialized reviews of quinones themselves. Heterocyclic quinones, in the sense of compounds in which the quinonoid ring is fused to a heterocyclic ring, were covered in Volume 45 of our series in 1989. 

Special review articles published since 1968 on these topics are one by E. H. White and D. F. Roswell 2> on hydrazide chemiluminescence M. M. Rauhut 3) on the chemiluminescence of concerted peroxide-decomposition reactions and D. M. Hercules 4 5> on chemiluminescence from electron-transfer reactions. The rapid development in these special fields justifies a further attempt to depict the current status. Results of bioluminescence research will not be included in this article except for a few special cases, e.g. enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescence of luminol, and firefly bioluminescence 6>. 

This review will deal only with NMR of crystalline inorganic semiconductors, excluding the limited number of studies of amorphous or even liquid semiconductors. Unlike NMR in metals, which has been the subject of extensive reviews [8,9] and even books [10], no broad review of the NMR of semiconductors exists, although there are more specialized reviews in narrower areas [5, 6, 11-13]. Part of the reason may have to do with something of a bifurcation in experimental... 

These volumes are intended to provide a convenient and efficient means of keeping up to date with the literature in heterocyclic chemistry and with important advances in the area. We welcome suggestions for improving the coverage and will be glad to receive offers of specialized reviews on developing topics. 

U ren, S.C. 1983. Acute toxicity of bis(tributyltin)oxide to a marine copepod. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14 303-306. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1986. Initiation of a special review of certain pesticide products containing tributyltins used as antifoulants availability of support document. Federal Register 51(5) 778-779. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1987. Tributyltin. Technical support document. Position document 2/3. Mimeo. 152 pp. Avail, from U.S. Environ. Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides Programs, Registration Division, Special Review Branch, 401 M Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460. U.S. Navy (USN). 1984. Environmental Assessment of Fleetwide Use of Organotin Antifouling Paint. U.S. 

A large number of techniques have been used to investigate the thermodynamic properties of solids, and in this section an overview is given that covers all the major experimental methods. Most of these techniques have been treated in specialized reviews and references to these are given. This section will focus on the main principles of the different techniques, the main precautions to be taken and the main sources of possible systematic errors. The experimental methods are rather well developed and the main problem is to apply the different techniques to systems with various chemical and physical properties. For example, the thermal stability of the material to be studied may restrict the experimental approach to be used. 

Time is saved. DOD construction projects involving explosives require special review by the DOD Explosives Safety Board. Standard designs are pre-approved this saves review time. 

EPA. 1983e. Status of pesticides in reregistration and special review. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Washington, DC. EPA 738-R-93-009. 

Several specialized reviews on detection of QT liability in the clinical development phase have already been published and the reader is referred to these publications [63]. Guidelines of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology (IS H N E) for electrocardiographic evaluation of drug-related QT prolongation are also available [161]. The main issues related to measurement of the QT interval in clinical studies are summarized in Table 3.4. An important aspect is the calculation of sample size usually 40-60 subjects per treatment arm are required, implying high cost [162-164]. 

Several general reviews describe the state of the art of peroxide epoxidation catalyzed by TM compounds at about a decade ago [2A. Later on, specialized reviews dealt with particular peroxides ofCr, Mo, andW [5], V [6], and with epoxidation reactions catalyzed by methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) [7] that involve Re peroxo complexes as species responsible for the oxygen transfer. 

Because of the high theoretical and practical importance of the analysis of caronetoid pigments, the chromatographic techniques applied have been frequently reviewed [80-83], The analysis of the pigment (carotenoid and chlrophyll) content of vegetable oils has been specially reviewed [84],... 

In addition to the above, the IRB has additional and special review requirements to protect the well-being of children when children are to be involved in the research (Subpart D, Sections 401 09). ... 

The effect of tetrachlorate ions on water structure has been investigated with laser Raman spectra by Walrafen 213), and Lippin-cott etal. 212a) studied poly water configurations. There are numerous other investigations of laser-excited Raman spectra, the discussion of which would demand a special review article 2i3b-f). 

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