Specialized food packaging

Acetyl Tributyl Citrate, Acetyl Trl-n-hexyl Citrate These esters may be used in toys, special food packaging, and medical appHcarions. They are being promoted for flexible PVC blood bags acetyl tributyl citrate is also reportedly used in a copolymer of vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride for food wrap. The high price premiums for the citrate plasticizers and other problems have limited the broad acceptance of citrate plasticizers in commercial flexible PVC products. PVC performance characteristics of the citrate esters are reported in Table 7.9. Higher-molecular-weight citrates... 

The most important use of polystyrene is in packaging. Molded polystyrene is used in items such as automobile interior parts, furniture, and home appliances. Packaging uses plus specialized food uses such as containers for carryout food are growth areas. Expanded polystyrene foams, which are produced by polymerizing styrene with a volatile solvent such as pentane, have low densities. They are used extensively in insulation and flotation (lifejackets). 

As a result of extensive development and testing by thermoprocessing or aseptic techniques, the use of flexible, laminated aluminum pouches and formed aluminum containers for shelf-stable foods is nearing commercial reality. The increasing use of aluminum for food packaging has been made possible by successfully combining it with specialized plastics, papers, adhesives, and coatings. In many applications, aesthetic as well as protective characteristics are also provided. 

Another valuable tool in food package development is the taste/odor Profile Test (18). Developed by the Arthur D. Little Company, this method uses a small panel of four to eight people specially trained in the procedure. Their analysis develops a full descriptive terminology for the product in question and assigns a numerical rating to each component of the taste/odor complex. 

Some examples of common materials developed for oxygen sensing are given in Table 1. The top part of Table 1 describes general purpose sensors, while the bottom part is concerned with specialized PtOEPK-PS based sensors developed for food packaging. 

A special problem is the migration of low-molecular substances in materials used for food packaging. Here very stringent limitations on food contamination by compounds which are possibly harmful for health, are necessary. This complicated area is being studied carefully over the past decades, in order to establish for each type of additive or monomer residue what its effect on the human organism could be, and how much of such a substance could, under certain conditions, be expected to migrate from the packaging into the food. 

In the last few years, special attention has also been paid to the exposure of humans to bisphenol A (4 -dihydroxy-2,2-diphenyl, BPA Fig. 7.1), well-known for its estrogenic properties. BPA [28] is commonly used as an industrial plasticizer and is found in paints, flame retardants, unsaturated polyester resins, plastic food packaging, containers for water, infant feeding bottles, and foils used for food storage. Several studies have confirmed the presence of BPA, at a detectable level, in a wide variety of food containers [29-31]. Views on the potential danger... 

Closed loop recycling materials from class 1 and class 4 can be considered to be safe and in compliance with the legal requirements due to the absence of contamination or the high purification effect of the de- and re-polymerisation steps. The materials from class 2 and 3 should have been sorted to a polymer purity of about 99%, which means also that materials from non-food packaging should also be separated. However, for the special case of PET, the FDA also allows non-food PET as an input material as long as the polymer is in compliance with 21 CFR 177.1630. 

As the project was considered as a pre-normative research effort, special emphasis was devoted to the translation of the toxicological data to risk assessment, to the provision of a scientific basis for safety recommendations on fibre-based food contact materials and to the dissemination of the results to various stakeholders (industry, regulatory bodies, consumers). The project was presented in the 3rd International Symposium on Food Packaging (ILSI,... 

In a source separation system, residents are requested to place bundles of newspaper out with their weekly trash collection. The newspapers are picked up by the regular collectors and carried in special containers or racks on the trash trucks. Other cities use a smaller separate vehicle to collect paper and other recycable materials. Usually cities require that newspapers be tied into bundles. Magazines, paper bags, and food packaging are not accepted. Such a system is currently operated by the city of Davis, California as shown schematically in Figure 2. 

The individual chains of polyethylene pack together well and so account for the substance s crystalline properties (Figure 25.1). Polyethylene is mainly used in films in frozen food packaging and other prodnct wrappings. A specially treated type of polyethylene called Tyvek is nsed for home insulation. 

This paper will describe experiments that concern this second area of flavor management. The experiments were directed toward the interactions between linear esters and some of the films that are important for food-packaging applications. The analysis of the data will focus on the important solution process with special attention for the thermodynamics. 

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