Solvents, acidic hazards

Wyk. [Upright] Absorbents for containment clean-up of acids, caustics, solvents, toxic, hazardous and nontoxic materials. 

In many countries, because of their constituent cadmium, used Ni-Cd batteries either are now or were considered to be hazardous waste. This designation carries with it substantial burdens for those that handle such material. Generally these entities must meet requirements that were developed to address concerns relating to such industrial wastes as used solvents, acids and the like. They thus require operating and... 

Environmental Pollutant prevent entry into sewers, water, wastewater, soil Precaution Flamm. liq. may dec. on exposure to moist air or water may form explosive mixts. with air vapors heavier than air incompat. with oxidizing agents, bases, acids Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2 emits toxic fumes under fire conditions Storage Moisture-sensitive store 15-25 C in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, open flame keep tightly closed Uses Solvent synthesis Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com-, Hof men Int l. http //WWW. hofmeninternational. com, I nterchi m http //www.interchim.com, Merck KGaA http //www.merck.de... 

The handling of the solvents is hazardous from the health viewpoint. Also, in LLE emulsion formation is another problem in the extraction of the more polar pollutants such as phenoxy acids herbicides and their metabolites [68]. 

Toxic or flammable materials, such as cleaning solvents, acids, and volatile organics, can expose warehousing personnel to hazards if not properly packaged. This is discussed in Chapter 2 and Section 4.3. 

To satisfy the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1977) and its amendment for hazardous and solid waste (1984), the 80(K) Series Methods have been designed to analyze solid waste, soUs, and groundwater. In particular, methods 8240/8260 require the use of a purge-and-trap device in conjunction with packed or capillary GC/MS, respectively, for the analysis of purgeable organic compounds. Methods 8250/8270 concern analyses for the less-volatile bases, neutrals, and acids by GC/MS after extraction from the matrix by an organic solvent. 

Finish removers are appHed by bmshing, spraying, troweling, flowing, or soaking. Removal is by water rinse, wipe and let dry, or solvent rinse. Removers may be neutral, basic, or acidic. The viscosity can vary from water thin, to a thick spray-on, to a paste trowel-on remover. The hazard classification, such as flammable or corrosive, is assigned by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) for the hazardous materials contained in the remover. 

Isopropyl Ether. Isopropyl ether is manufactured by the dehydration of isopropyl alcohol with sulfuric acid. It is obtained in large quantities as a by-product in the manufacture of isopropyl alcohol from propylene by the sulfuric acid process, very similar to the production of ethyl ether from ethylene. Isopropyl ether is of moderate importance as an industrial solvent, since its boiling point Hes between that of ethyl ether and acetone. Isopropyl ether very readily forms hazardous peroxides and hydroperoxides, much more so than other ethers. However, this tendency can be controlled with commercial antioxidant additives. Therefore, it is also being promoted as another possible ether to be used in gasoline (33). 

Are hazardous substances (for example, fuel oil, gasoline, acids, bases, solvents, or metal bearing solutions) stored on-site If yes, describe usage, storage method and location. 

Consider the case of the production of peroxy esters (e.g. tert-buty] peroxy 2-ethyl hexanoate), based on the reaction between the corresponding acid chloride and the hydroperoxide in the presence of NaOH or KOH. These are highly temperature sensitive and violently unstable, and solvent impurities are detrimental in their applications for polymerization. Batch operations to produce even 1000 tpa will be unsafe. A continuous reactor can overcome most of the problems and claims have been made for producing purer chemicals at lower capital and operation cost the use of solvent can be avoided. Continuous reactors can produce seven to ten times more material per unit volume than batch processes. Since the amount of hazardous product present in the unit at any given time is small, protective barrier walls may be unneccessary (Kohn, 1978). 

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