Solvent extraction mineral processing

Uses Extraction solvent for mineral processing solvent separation gasoline additive antifoam plasticizer stabilizer textile conditioner and antistat Manuf./Distrib. ICN Biomed. Research Prods. http //www.icnbiomed.com... 

If a neutral chelate formed from a ligand such as acetylacetone is sufficiently soluble in water not to precipitate, it may stiH be extracted into an immiscible solvent and thus separated from the other constituents of the water phase. Metal recovery processes (see Mineral recovery and processing), such as from dilute leach dump Hquors, and analytical procedures are based on this phase-transfer process, as with precipitation. Solvent extraction theory and many separation systems have been reviewed (42). 

The Pott-Broche process (101) was best known as an early industrial use of solvent extraction of coal but was ended owing to war damage. The coal was extracted at about 400°C for 1—1.5 h under a hydrogen pressure of 10—15 MPa (100—150 atm) using a coal-derived solvent. Plant capacity was only 5 t/h with an 80% yield of extract. The product contained less than 0.05% mineral matter and had limited use, mainly in electrodes. 

Three West Virginia coals were supplied by the West Virgmia Geological Survey (WVGS). The particular coals were chosen on the basis of rank, petrographic composition, and mineral matter content The coals were limited to the bituminous rank since these coals are the most amenable to the NMP solvent extraction process and are mdigenous to the Appalachian region. Some of the coal characteristics are listed in Table 2. 

Mineral Processing Slurry dilution Metal recovery by solvent extraction... 

In the drying of compound intermediates of refractory and reactive metals, particular attention is given to the environment and to the materials so that the compound does not pick up impurities during the process. A good example is the drying of zirconium hydroxide. After the solvent extraction separation from hafnium, which co-occurs with zirconium in the mineral zircon, the zirconium values are precipitated as zirconium hydroxide. The hydroxide is dried first at 250 °C for 12 h in air in stainless steel trays and then at 850 °C on the silicon carbide hearth of a muffle furnace. 

The present description pertaining to copper refers to solvent extraction of copper at the Bluebird Mine, Miami. When the plant became operational in the first quarter of 1968 it used L1X 64, but L1X 64N was introduced in to its operation from late 1968. The ore consists of the oxidized minerals, chrysocolla and lesser amounts of azurite and malachite. A heap leaching process is adopted for this copper resource. Heap-leached copper solution is subjected to solvent extraction operation, the extractant being a solution of 7-8% L1X 64N incorporated in kerosene diluent. The extraction process flowsheet is shown in Figure 5.20. The extraction equilibrium diagram portrayed in Figure 5.21 (A) shows the condi-... 

V. H. Aprahamian and D. G. Demopoulos, The Solution Chemistry and Solvent Extraction Behaviour of copper, iron, nickel, zinc, lead, tin, Ag, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium and tellurium in Acid Chloride Solutions Reviewed from the Standpoint of PGM Refining, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, Vol. 14, p. 143,1995. 

Cuprex [Copper extraction] A process for extracting copper from sulfide ores, combining chloride leaching, electro-winning, and solvent extraction. Piloted by a consortium consisting of ICI, Nerco Minerals Company, and Tecnicas Reunidas. 

DEPA-TOPO [di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and trioctylphosphine oxide] A process for recovering uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid, by solvent extraction with a mixture of the two named reagents. Developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and first commercialized in 1978 by Freeport Minerals Corporation and Wyoming Mineral Corporation. 

Indium may be recovered from zinc ores by several patented processes. Usually it is recovered from residues obtained from zinc extraction. The residues, slags, fume, or dusts from zinc smelting or lead-zinc smelting are treated with a mineral acid. Other steps involved in recovery often vary, but mostly use solvent extraction and precipitation steps. In some processes, treatment with caustic soda yields indium hydroxide. The hydroxide is calcined to obtain oxide, which then is reduced with hydrogen at elevated temperatures to obtain the metal. Distillation or electrolysis are the final steps to... 

Vanadium usually is recovered from its ores by one of two processes, (1) leaching raw mineral with hot dilute sulfuric acid, and (2) roasting ore with common salt to convert vanadium into water soluble sodium vanadates. In the sulfuric acid leaching process, vanadium is extracted from acid leach liquors by solvent extraction with an aliphatic amine or an alkyl phosphoric acid in kerosene. The organic solvent extract then is treated with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of ammonium chloride to convert vanadium into ammonium metavanadate. Alternatively, the organic extract is treated with dilute sulfuric acid or an aqueous solution of soda ash under controlled conditions of pH. Vanadium is precipitated from this solution as a red cake of sodium polyvanadate. 

Commonly used solvents inclnde liqnid carbon dioxide, propane, bntane, light oil, triethy-lamine, acetone, methanol, hexane, dimethyl ether, cmde oil, benzene, isopropyl ether, toluene, tricresyl phosphate, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl chloride, and bntyl acetate. In addition to remediation uses, solvent extraction has been applied in a variety of indnstries, including food processing, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and mining and minerals processing. 

Solid/liquid separation is usually required at the interface of the primary and secondary stages to allow optional upgrading of the crude coal liquids of the primary liquefaction stage, by removing mineral matter, unreacted coal, heavy products, and catalysts (111, 112). Distillation, anti-solvent extraction, and centrifugation have been conventionally employed in liquefaction processes (113, 114). 

Terbium occurs in apatite and xenotime and is derived from these minerals as a minor coproduct in the processing of yttrium. Processing involves organic ion-exchange or solvent extraction operations. Elemental terbium is produced by calcium reduction of anhydrous TbH in a reactor under an inert atmosphere. Both the oxides and the metal aie available at 99.9% purity. 

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