Triethy lamine

Tetrakis(tripheiiylphosphine)palladium(0) is often used for this reaction. However, Pd(II) complexes such as bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or palladium acetate are also commonly employed for convenience, as they are stable in ah. The base is typically a secondary or tertiary amine such as triethy-lamine. Weak bases such as sodium (potassium) acetate, bicarbonate, or carbonate are also used. 

A comment on the properties of the base employed in reactions that involve the formation of the Vilsmeier-Haack adduct is in order, because several derivatives of cellulose are obtained by this route. Preparation of Cell-Tos has been attempted in LiCl/DMAc, by reacting the polymer with TosCl/base. Whereas the desired product was obtained by employing triethy-lamine, use of pyridine (Py) resulted in the formation of chlorodeoxycellu-lose. In order to explain these results, the following reaction pathways have been suggested [147] ... 

The 1,3-dipoles were generated by the addition of Et3N in 20% excess. Only imidazole was basic enough to generate a nitrile oxide in the absence of triethy-lamine. Due to prototropic tautomerism, reactions of triazoles and tetrazoles led to mixtures of two isomers. With unsubstituted pyrazole and imidazole only one hydroximoylazole was formed (117). 

To inhibit this decomposition, it is necessary to add a small amount of triethy-lamine to BSA. 

The IPA system does not require a co-solvent, but one can be used if this proves advantageous. In the TEAF system a solvent is normally used, though neat TEAF or formic acid can be used if required. The solvent can have a large effect on the reaction rate and optical purity of the product this may in part be because the substrate seems to bind by weak electrostatic interactions with the catalyst, and is also partly due to the pH of the system. Solvents have a dramatic effect on the ionization of formic acid for example, in water the piCa is 3.7, but in DMF it is 11.5. This is because formation of the formate anion becomes less favorable with less polar solvents (see Table 35.2). The piCa of triethy-lamine is far less sensitive. As a consequence, formic acid and triethylamine may remain unreacted and not form a salt. The variation in formic acid piCa can also have a significant impact on the catalyst and substrate, particularly when this is an imine. 

When mentioned, deactivated silica gel means that it was treated with 5% triethy-lamine in pentane and the column was eluted with the same solvent mixture until the outflowing eluent was basic according to pH paper. 

In Figure 6 it is possible to see that the individual species are quite distinct. In particular, methanol and benzene are close while triethy-lamine and pentane are displayed on the opposite side of the plot. Finally, the acetic acid lies in an orthogonal direction with respect to the others, which indicates that the interaction mechanism for acetic acid is completely different from the others. 

C, and then three molecular equivalents of acetyl chloride and triethy-lamine were added. Three types of acetylated materials, 11, 12, and 13, were isolated accompanied by a small amount of thioketone 7 and thioamide 9 (Scheme 8 and Table 6). All of the acetylated materials showed optical activity. For the reaction of 6a, 84% ee of 2-(acetylthio)aziridine 11a, 50% ee of 4-(acetyl-thio)oxazoline 12a, and 20% ee of 4-(acetylthio)oxazolidin-2-one 13a were obtained in 39,10, and 16% yields, respectively. In the reaction of 6b,c, the corresponding optically active materials 11-13 were obtained as shown in Table 9. The formation of oxazoline 12 involves the rearrangement ofAT-acyl aziridines, which occurs by intramolecular attack of the carbonyl oxygen at the ring carbon to cause rupture of the system. 

The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-weighted average (TLV-TWA) for triethy-lamine is Ippm (4.1mg/m ) with a short-term excursion limit (STEL)/ceiling of 5 ppm (20.7 mg/m ) and a notation for skin absorption. 

Mezlocillin Mezlocillin, (2S,5/ ,6/ )-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(R)-2-[(3-methylsulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidin-1 -carboxamido] -2-phenylacetamido]-4-thia-1 -azabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptan-2-carboxylic acid (32.1.1.27), is synthesized by acylating ampicillin (32.1.1.16) with 3-chlorocarbonyl-l-methansnlfonyl-2-imidazolidinone (32.1.1.26) in the presence of triethy-lamine. The necessary 3-chlorocarbonyl-l-methansnlfonyl-2-imidazolidinone (32.1.1.26) is synthesized by sulfonating 2-imidazolidinone with methanesulfonyl chloride, which forms... 

The conversion of sterically hindered carboxylic acids to A-methoxy-A-methyl amides can be efficiently carried out with methanesulfonyl chloride, 3 equivalents of triethy-lamine and A-methoxy-A-methylamine. Yields for this process range from 59% to... 

Commonly used solvents inclnde liqnid carbon dioxide, propane, bntane, light oil, triethy-lamine, acetone, methanol, hexane, dimethyl ether, cmde oil, benzene, isopropyl ether, toluene, tricresyl phosphate, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl chloride, and bntyl acetate. In addition to remediation uses, solvent extraction has been applied in a variety of indnstries, including food processing, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and mining and minerals processing. 

A lOOmL three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with magnetic stirrer was charged with racemic 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (1.02 g, 4.8 mmol), triethy-lamine (2mL, 14.3 mmol) and dry tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) followed by dropwise addition of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (0.91 g, 4.8 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and a white salt was obtained. The salt was filtered and washed with ether. The combined filtrate was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (eluent petroleum ether/ethyl acetate = 1/1) to give 7/-p-toluenesulfony 1-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethylenediamine (1.02g, 58.0% yield ). 

Materials. Styrene (Aldrich) was purified by distillation from CaH2 before use. n-Butyllithium (Aldrich) was used without further purification. Tetrahydrofuran (Fisher Scientific) was purified in a solvent still by distillation from a sodium/benzophenone mixture. Toluene (Fisher Scientific) was used without further purification. Reagent grade methylene chloride (Baker Chemical Co.) was dried on 5A° molecular sieves. Reagent grade triethy-lamine (Baker) was dried over KOH. Methanesulfonyl chloride (Aldrich, 98%) was used without further purification. 

Bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazin-6-ones [28] and their O-acetylated derivatives [96] are formed on treatment of acyl imines with acetyl chlonde-triethy lamine at room temperature. The reaction was interpreted as a cycloaddition reaction involving a ketene [28] However, the penselectivity and regiochemistry of this reactwn-are not in agreement with results obtained from the reaction of... 

Sometimes, Htinig s base91—EtN(z-Pr)2—is used rather than triethy-lamine. This hindered base may help to minimize a-epimerization on some sensitive aldehydes and ketones. 

ISOCYANTDES l,l -Carbonylbis(3-imidazolium)bismethanesulfonate. Trichlorosilane-Triethy lamine. 

Application of the Olson-Simonson rule substantiated the participation of negatively charged ions in the rate-determining step. The reaction constant, p, is positive.61 The retarding effect of 18-crown-6 and benzo-15-crown-5 on the oxidation of triethy-lamine and A-methylpyrrolidine by alkaline HCF(III) is found to be dependent on the concentration of crown ether.62... 

Tacke and his coworkers have recently reported the synthesis and structural characterization of a series of pentacoordinated anionic germanium complexes based on the Ge04C ligand framework340-344. The route to these compounds involves the reaction of (chloromethyl)trimethoxygermane with a secondary amine in the presence of triethy-lamine, followed by an exchange with two equivalents of bidentate ligands, such as aromatic 1,2-diols or a-hydroxycarboxylic acids, as shown for the synthesis of 114340 (equations 22 and 23). 

Fig. 4.29. Dehydration of an alcohol with the Burgess reagent (which in turn is prepared from 0=C=N-S02-CI by (1) addition of methanol and (2) reaction and subsequent deprotonation with triethy-lamine). The aminosulfuric acid ester intermediate decomposes via a cyclic transition state (syn-elimination).

Inulin carbonate can be synthesized with ethyl chloroformate in dimethyl sulfoxide with triethy-lamine as the catalyst (Figure 5.5) (Kennedy and Tun, 1973). This yields a mixture of two products one with O-ethoxycarbonyl groups (5) and the second with trans-4,6-carbonate (6) on the fructo-furanose groups of the inulin chain and a trans-2,3-cyclic carbonate on the terminal glucose (7). Inulin carbonates have utility in the insolubilizaton of biologically active molecules such as enzymes or immunoglobulins. 

Aryl halides may be carbonylated using several different palladium complexes and several different hydrogen donors839,840,842,843. In most synthetically useful reactions the conditions are reasonably low pressure (up to 6 bar) and reasonably low temperatures (below 100 °C). Halobenzenes have also been successfully carbonylated at 30 bar using a carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixture in the presence of a palladium catalyst and triethy-lamine. In this case the halobenzene must first be complexed with chromium tricarbonyl844. 

Methanesulfonyl chloride may be a new reagent to you. In the presence of a base (usually triethy-lamine, EtjN) it reacts with alcohols to give methanesulfonate esters, but the mechanism differs from the mechanism with TsCl. The first step is an elimination of HC1 from the sulfonyl chloride (this can t happen with TsCl, because there are no available protons) to give a sulfene. The sulfene is highly electrophilic at sulfur, and will react with any alcohol (including tertiary alcohols, which react very slowly with TsCl). Here are the two mechanisms compared, formation of toluenesuifonates (tosylates) reagents ROH + TsCl + pyridine... 

Tertiary arylamines were prepared in good yields by hydrogenation of an alcoholic solution of a nitro compound and an aldehyde over Raney Ni in the presence of triethy-lamine hydrochloride or, better, over platinum oxide in the presence of acetic acid (eq. 6.22).48 Base metal and platinum metal sulfides are also effective to the reductive alkylation of nitro compounds with ketones36,37 as in an example shown in eq. 6.23. 

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