Upgrade Options

Identify different upgrade options and make selection based on technical feasibility and cost effectiveness. [Pg.68]

The following alternatives are available to increase the blast capacity of existing buildings. Note that each upgrade option is generally limited in terms of how much blast resistance it can provide. [Pg.68]

A shell can provide almost any specific blast resistance of buildings. This is not true for other upgrade options where certain upper limits will apply. [Pg.73]

Constructability can be less of a problem with shells. The logistics of conventional reinforcement schemes with alternative upgrade options can be quite difficult. Reinforcing connections and bracing may require temporary supports of the members being reconnected. Access to the critical joints for reinforcement can sometimes be virtually impossible. [Pg.73]

Suggestions on some of the shell upgrade options are shown in Figure 10.9. A number of issues, however need to be addressed. The following considerations arc... [Pg.73]

In this upgrade option, longitudinal 4 rebars are provided at 8 in (20 cm) on center and the wall cavities are filled solid with concrete. [Pg.123]

This chapter provides an example of the evaluation and retrofit of the masonry walls of an existing reinforced concrete framed building using the principles outlined in Chapter 10. The evaluation of the roof, structural framing and foundation are not covered in this example. The explosion magnitude and front wall blast load are determined by others. The analysis of the exterior walls, and upgrade options, arc presented in this example. [Pg.253]

For upgrade options a medium response is selected in accordance with Appendix 5.B. 13.4 FRONT WALL EVALUATION... [Pg.254]

While these new data do not change the overall findings of the Yorktown project, they do change the relative effectiveness of the blowdown system upgrade option. These new data are critical to the refinery s ability to set priorities for pollution prevention projects. [Pg.398]

The GTC process improvements enhance the traditional process in each of the four sections through changes in process configurations and operating conditions, alteration of separation schemes, revision of recovery arrangements, increase in the value of byproducts, and reduction in the overall recycles in the plant. The upgrade options may be implemented individually, combined, or through a series of revamps over a period of time. [Pg.106]

Upgrade option if existing penetrations are not fire resistant or leak tight... [Pg.51]

Where the operator does not consider the existing joints to be fire resistant or leak tight, one upgrade option would be to bolt on a steel protection ring (split for installation) sealed with fire/chemical resistant sealant. This is similar in principle to the steel plates for expansion joints covered in the next section. Slit plates can be installed by cold methods without the need for removing the pipeline from service for modification and welding. [Pg.51]

For existing pipes running through bund walls there are genuine concerns regarding possible corrosion crevices between the pipe and the wall. An upgrade option which has been used is... [Pg.51]

Figure 10 provides a detail for a sealed sleeve upgrade option. [Pg.51]

Consider installing fire and product resistant sealants For pipelines which indicate substantial horizontal movement, upgrade option to install cover plates with sealants to retain joint integrity... [Pg.53]

The following lists a range of possible existing bund wall joint arrangements and reviews product resistance, fire resistance and upgrade options for each arrangement. [Pg.53]

Phillips, G., McGrath, M. 1998, Residue upgrading options for eastern Europe. In World Refining Association, Budapest, Hungary, October 13-14. [Pg.69]

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