Solvent extraction extract

Solvent Extraction. Extraction processes, used for separating one substance from another, are commonly employed in the pharmaceutical and food processing industries. Oilseed extraction is the most widely used extraction process on the basis of tons processed. Extraction-grade hexane is the solvent used to extract soybeans, cottonseed, com, peanuts, and other oilseeds to produce edible oils and meal used for animal feed supplements. Tight specifications require a narrow distillation range to minimize solvent losses as well as an extremely low benzene content. The specification also has a composition requirement, which is very unusual for a hydrocarbon, where the different components of the solvent must be present within certain ranges (see Exthaction). 

Solvent extraction. Extraction of neonicotinoid insecticides from water is a simple process involving saturation with sodium chloride and extraction with diethyl ether, dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. This extraction procedure will allow the simultaneous extraction of all neonicotinoids. 

In order to understand the removal of FMs during wastewater treatment, it is necessary to measure these compounds throughout the wastewater treatment process. Because of the complex nature of wastewater matrices and the low concentration of FMs (0.001-60 pg/L) [11] throughout the treatment plant, accurate and sensitive analytical methods have been developed by a number of researchers. Fortunately, the analytical techniques developed to measure traditional SOCs, such as solvent extraction, extract concentration, and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in general also apply to FMs. 

The use of liquid membranes in analytical applications has increased in the last 20 years. As is described extensively elsewhere (Chapter 15), a liquid membrane consists of a water-immiscible organic solvent that includes a solvent extraction extractant, often with a diluent and phase modifier, impregnated in a microporous hydrophobic polymeric support and placed between two aqueous phases. One of these aqueous phases (donor phase) contains the analyte to be transported through the membrane to the second (acceptor) phase. The possibility of incorporating different specific reagents in the liquid membranes allows the separation of the analyte from the matrix to be improved and thus to achieve higher selectivity. 

Practically motivated, the aim was to develop methods for recovery and determination of amino acids in the context of analytical chemistry and biotechnology. Amino acids are hydrophilic compounds, which therefore are difficult targets for conventional solvent extraction. Extraction to an organic solvent may be enhanced by the addition of lipophilic cationic or anionic extractants, forming extractable complexes with amino acids, or by the use of macrocyclic compounds, which form stable hydrophobic host-guest complexes. The most popular reagents from the latter group are crown... 

The MISPE method of the authors uses a pressurized liquid extraction (also called accelerated solvent extraction) extract of the samples. This acetonitrile-methanol extract had to be dried and redissolved in acetonitrile because methanol was not compatible with the MISPE. The redissolution volume had to be relatively large (5 mL) due to solubility problems. The samples were loaded on the MIP, washed with 1 mL of water, and eluted with 3x1 mL of methanol/phosphoric acid (95 5 v/v) solution. The eluate was evaporated to dryness and redissolved in 1 mL of methanol. Final analysis was carried out by HPLC using fluorescence detection. 

Mapara, P.M. Godbole, A.G. Swarup, R. Nagar, M.S. Extraction of uranium and plutonium from oxalate bearing solutions using phosphonic acid Solvent extraction, extraction chromatography and infrared studies, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 240 (1999) 631-635. 

Sonication with a waterD methanol solution is the most popular method for the extraction of As species from rice powder [24, 25], algae, chicken meat [26], oyster tissue [27, 28], and baby foods [29]. Sample treatment with triBuoroacetic acid at 100°C was reported to be an efficient method for the extraction of As species present in different food matrices when compared with alternative methods that included sonication and accelerated solvent extraction. Extraction recoveries from 94 to 128 percent were obtained [29]. Low-molecular-weight Se compounds were extracted from nuts with HCIO4 to produce a fraction containing 3 to 15 percent of the total Se in different types of nuts [30]. 

Catalytic refoiming or aromiziiig and the separation techniques associated with them (solvent extraction, extractive distillation and conventional distillation) produce pore ben2ene and toluene together with an aromatic Cg cot containing, o-xylen m-zylene. p-xylene, ethylbenzene, and also a cul... 

Solvent extraction Extractive distillation Azeotropic distillation Adsorption... 

In Vivo Studies. Segments of bovine-implanted Biomer LVAD bladders were obtained from researchers at the Thermo Electron Corporation. Segments that possessed observed calcifications were also obtained. In addition, a control bladder sample, steam sterilized at 121.1°C for 3 h, was obtained. Samples were vacuum dried at 50°C for 24 h, followed by a 24-h CHC13 solvent extraction. Extract solutions were reduced to 1 mL prior to gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. 

Solvent extraction/extraction chromatography/centrifugalpartitioning chromatography... 

For separations based on the application of solvent extraction/extraction chromatography with acidic extractants (like HDEHP), trends in and j8, work in opposition. Aqueous complexants are therefore of limited utility for separation systems in this combination or reagents. For separations based on cation exchange (either using Dowex 50-type resins or dynamic ion exchange resins), the ratio A /Aj, increases from Lu to La, i.e. >K >K - which is opposite the trend in aqueous complex stability. 

Solvent extraction Extraction of heavy aromatics with furfural or phenol Lube oil based stocks High-quality lubricating oil... 

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