Solubility in acetone

The anhydrous compound is not appreciably hygroscopic, is readily soluble in acetone and amyl alcohol, and insoluble in benzene, toluene, xylene and chloroform it is also readily soluble in absolute methyl or ethyl alcohol, but a trace of water causes immediate hydrolysis with the formation of an opalescent precipitate. 

Iodide ion (I ) Alkyl chlorides and bromides are converted to alkyl iodides by treatment with sodium iodide in acetone Nal is soluble in acetone but NaCI and NaBr are insoluble and crystallize from the reaction mixture making the reac tion irreversible... 

Secondary Acetate Processes. There is no commercial process to directiy produce secondary cellulose acetate sufficientiy soluble in acetone to produce fiber. Hence, the cellulose is completely acetylated to the triacetate during the dissolution step and then hydrolyzed to the required acetyl value. 

Cyclohexanedimethanol is miscible with water and low molecular weight alcohols and appreciably soluble in acetone. It has only negligible solubihty in hydrocarbons and diethyl ether (6). 

Allylestrenol. Allylestrenol (37), which has been used to treat cases of habitual abortion (55), can be recrystaUized from ether/petroleum ether (56). It is soluble in acetone, ethanol, ether, and chloroform and practically insoluble in water (57). The uv and ir spectra have been reported (58). AHylestrenol is sensitive to oxidising agents (57). 

Megestrol acetate can be recrystakhed from aqueous methanol (108). It is soluble in acetone, chloroform, and ethanol slightly soluble in ether and fixed oils and insoluble in water (107). Additional spectral and physical data have been pubHshed (62). 

Norethindrone may be recrystakhed from ethyl acetate (111). It is soluble in acetone, chloroform, dioxane, ethanol, and pyridine slightly soluble in ether, and insoluble in water (112,113). Its crystal stmcture has been reported (114), and extensive analytical and spectral data have been compiled (115). Norethindrone acetate can be recrystakhed from methylene chloride/hexane (111). It is soluble in acetone, chloroform, dioxane, ethanol, and ether, and insoluble in water (112). Data for identification have been reported (113). The preparation of norethindrone (28) has been described (see Fig. 5). Norethindrone acetate (80) is prepared by the acylation of norethindrone. Norethindrone esters have been described ie, norethindrone, an appropriate acid, and trifiuoroacetic anhydride have been shown to provide a wide variety of norethindrone esters including the acetate (80) and enanthate (81) (116). 

Progesterone. Progesterone (1) is not orally active. Although seldom used clinically, it can be adrninistered as an intramuscular injection, pessaries, or suppositories in the treatment of menstmal disorders and habitual abortion (121). Progesterone can be recrystaUized from dilute alcohol and exists in two crystalline forms (122). It is soluble in chloroform and ethanol sparingly soluble in acetone, dioxane, ether, and fixed oils and practically insoluble in water (121). Two syntheses of progesterone (1) are described in Figure 3. 

Tola mide. Tola2imide (l-(hexahydro-lJT-a2epin-l-yl)-3-(p-tolysulfonyl)urea), mol wt 311.40, is a white to off-white crystalline powder, ododess or having a slight odor, mp 170—173°C, with a piC of —3.6 at 25°C and 5.68 at 37.5°C. It is very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in chloroform, soluble in acetone, and slightly soluble in alcohol. The trade name is Tolinase. 

In addition to high aqueous solubility (7% at 30°C and 38% at 100°C), HgCl2 is very soluble in methyl alcohol (53% at 36°C), ethyl alcohol (34% at 31°C), and amyl alcohol (ca 10% at 30°C). It also is soluble in acetone, formic acid, the lower acetate esters, and other polar organic solvents. 

Nitrotoluene [99-99-0] crystallizes in colorless rhombic crystals. It is only slightly soluble in water, 0.044 g/100 g of water at 30°C moderately soluble in methanol and ethanol and readily soluble in acetone, diethyl ether, and benzene. The physical properties of -nitrotoluene are Hsted in Table 11. 

Styrene is a colorless Hquid with an aromatic odor. Important physical properties of styrene are shown in Table 1 (1). Styrene is infinitely soluble in acetone, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, ether, / -heptane, and ethanol. Nearly all of the commercial styrene is consumed in polymerization and copolymerization processes. Common methods in plastics technology such as mass, suspension, solution, and emulsion polymerization can be used to manufacture polystyrene and styrene copolymers with different physical characteristics, but processes relating to the first two methods account for most of the styrene polymers currendy (ca 1996) being manufactured (2—8). Polymerization generally takes place by free-radical reactions initiated thermally or catalyticaHy. Polymerization occurs slowly even at ambient temperatures. It can be retarded by inhibitors. 

Infinitely soluble in acetone, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, diethyl ether, / -heptane, and ethanol. ... 

Physical and Chemical Properties. Sodium thiocyanate [540-72-7] NaSCN, is a colorless dehquescent crystalline soHd (mp 323°C). It is soluble in water to the extent of 58 wt % NaSCN at 25°C and 69 wt % at 100°C. It is also highly soluble in methanol and ethanol, and moderately soluble in acetone. Potassium thiocyanate [333-20-0] KSCN, is also a colorless crystalline soHd (mp 172°C) and is soluble in water to the extent of 217 g/100 g of water at 20°C and in acetone and alcohols. Much of the chemistry of sodium and potassium thiocyanates is that of the thiocyanate anion (372—375). 

Salts and Derivatives. Generally the vitamers are high melting crystalline soHds that are very soluble in water and insoluble in most other solvents. Properties of the common forms are Hsted in Table 1. The only commercially important form of vitamin B is pytidoxine hydrochloride (7). This odorless crystalline soHd is composed of colorless platelets melting at 204—206°C (with decomposition). In bulk, it appears white and has a density of - 0.4 kg/L. It is very soluble in water (ca 0.22 kg/L at 20°C), soluble in propylene glycol, slightly soluble in acetone and alcohol (ca 0.014 kg/L), and insoluble in most lipophilic solvents. A 10% water solution shows a pH of 3.2. Both the hydrochloride and corresponding free base sublime without decomposition (16). 

Bismuth tribromide may be prepared by dissolving Bi O in excess concentrated hydrobromic acid. The slurry formed is allowed to dry in air, then gendy heated in a stream of nitrogen to remove water, and finally distilled in a stream of dry nitrogen. Bismuth tribromide is soluble in aqueous solutions of KCl, HCl, KBr, and KI but is decomposed by water to form bismuth oxybromide [7787-57-7] BiOBr. It is soluble in acetone and ether, and practically insoluble in alcohol. It forms complexes with NH and dissolves in hydrobromic acid from which dihydrogen bismuth pentabromide tetrahydrate [66214-38-8] H2BiBr 4H2O, maybe crystallized at —lO C. 

Choline Chloride. This compound [67-48-17 is a crystalline dehquescent salt, usually with a slight odor of trimethyl amine (6). It is very soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in acetone and chloroform, and practically insoluble in ether, benzene, and ligroin. Its aqueous solutions ate neutral to litmus and are stable (4). The specific gravity of these solutions is a straight-line function between pure water and the value of 1.10 for the 80% solution, which represents the approximate limit of solubiUty. Choline chloride absorbs moisture from the atmosphere at relative humidities greater than 20% at 25.5°C. 

Choline reineckate is used in the spectrophotometric determination of choline. Ammonium reineckate [13573-16-5] forms a water-insoluble complex with choline. The complex is soluble in acetone and a widely used method for determination of choline is by light absorption of acetone solutions... 

Physicochemical Properties White crystal powder, granular or tablets, with stimulant smell of Hypochloric Acid, slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in Acetone. ... 

Lobelanidine, C22ll2g02N. Crystallises from alcohol in laminae, m.p. 150°, [ ] D i 0°, distils unchanged in a vacuum and is readily soluble in acetone or benzene, sparingly so in ether. The hydrochloride, m.p. 135-8°, forms needles from alcohol the hydrobromide has m.p. 188-190°. The dibenzoyl derivative melts at 109-10° and the hydrochloride of the diacetyl derivative at 214-5°. The methiodide becomes tiu-bid at 178-5° and clears at 200°. Phosphorus trichloride converts the base into dichlorolobelane... 

Differences in solubility of the reactants may for example be utilized as follows. Sodium iodide is much more soluble in acetone than are sodium chloride or sodium bromide. Upon treatment of an alkyl chloride or bromide with sodium iodide in acetone, the newly formed sodium chloride or bromide precipitates from the solution and is thus removed from equilibrium. Alkyl iodides can be conveniently prepared in good yields by this route. Alkyl bromides are more reactive as the corresponding chlorides. Of high reactivity are a-halogen ketones, a-halogen carboxylic acids and their derivatives, as well as allyl and benzyl halides. 

The residue crystallizes in ether and yields about 600 mg of (3-3, 5 -di-p-toluyl-2 -desoxy-5-iodo-uridine which is recrystallized from toluene. The product Is obtained as colorless crystals, soluble in chloroform and pyridine, sparingly soluble In acetone, benzene ether and alcohol. Insoluble in water, MP 193°C. 

The purification of j8-poly(L-malic acid) from A o-basiae has been reported involving methanol precipitation of the polymer in the form of the Ca salt [5]. This is possible because a high concentration of CaCOs is present in the growth medium. Unfortunately, the polymer acid is not soluble in aceton thus missing an additional purification step. In our hands, purification of jS-poly(L-malate) from several Aureobasidiae strains was unsatisfactory because of low yields and resisting impurities. 

Gassner and Holler, unpublished results) and is readily soluble in acetone. 

Contrast the solubilities in Table 17-IV. The first two substances, CH4 and QH6, have zero molecular dipoles. In each case, the solubility in CCh exceeds the solubility in CH3COCH3. The next two substances, CH3C1 and CH3OCH3, have nonzero molecular dipoles. In each of these cases, the solubility in acetone is the larger. 

Halide exchange, sometimes call the Finkelstein reaction, is an equilibrium process, but it is often possible to shift the equilibrium." The reaction is most often applied to the preparation of iodides and fluorides. Iodides can be prepared from chlorides or bromides by taking advantage of the fact that sodium iodide, but not the bromide or chloride, is soluble in acetone. When an alkyl chloride or bromide is treated with a solution of sodium iodide in acetone, the equilibrium is shifted by the precipitation of sodium chloride or bromide. Since the mechanism is Sn2, the reaction is much more successful for primary halides than for secondary or tertiary halides sodium iodide in acetone can be used as a test for primary bromides or chlorides. Tertiary chlorides can be converted to iodides by treatment with excess Nal in CS2, with ZnCl2 as catalyst. " Vinylic bromides give vinylic iodides with retention of configuration when treated with KI and a nickel bromide-zinc catalyst," or with KI and Cul in hot HMPA." ... 

The early work of Sutin and Dodson (85) on neutron-irradiated ferrocene exemplifies the results and problems of recoil chemistry. After dissolving their samples in hexane and extracting with aqueous solutions they isolated, after further purification, radioactive FeCp2 and a species which emerged as ionic iron(III). Adsorbed on the walls of the glass vessels remained another species soluble in acetone which accounted for up to 50-60% of the radioactive iron. This species has not yet been identified. The FeCp2 activity accounted for some 10-12% of the Fe, which increased on standing several weeks at room temperature or 2-3 days at 110° C, as is shown in Table III. 

It is poorly soluble in acetone, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and DMF, and insoluble in alcohols, petroleum ether, and diethyl ether. The partition coefficients of a number of solutes between PCL and water have been measured and correlated with octanol-water partition coefficients (Fig. 9) (58,59). The linear correlation (Eq. 2) when combined with the water solubility of the solutes serves as a method of estimating the solubility of drugs in PCL from first principles. ... 

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