Solid state chemistry reviews

This section gives a brief overview of the structure of nickel hydroxide battery electrodes and a more detailed review of the solid-state chemistry and electrochemistry of the electrode materials. Emphasis is on work done since 1989. 

Review these examples carefully. They are typical of those encountered in solid state chemistry. Thus, "A" reacts to form "B -i-C" (Decomposition) or... 

The stability of suspensions, emulsions, creams, and ointments is dealt with in other chapters. The unique characteristics of solid-state decomposition processes have been described in reviews by D. C. Monkhouse [79,80] and in the monograph on drug stability by J. T. Carstensen [81]. Baitalow et al. have applied an unconventional approach to the kinetic analysis of solid-state reactions [82], The recently published monograph on solid-state chemistry of drugs also treats this topic in great detail [83],... 

Cf. e.g. the reviews on Conformational Polymorphism by J. Berstein in Organic Solid State Chemistry (Ed. G. R. Desiraju), Elsevier Amsterdam 1987, p. 471 or by G. R. Desiraju, Crystal Engineering, Material Science Monographs 54, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1989, p. 285. 

As in previous volumes,1 2 the solution chemistry of gold cyanides as well as the solid-state chemistry of binary and polynary gold cyanides and carbides have been excluded from this review. 

Even starting from achiral molecules it is in some systems possible to achieve crystallization in a chiral structure. Perhaps one of the most striking achievements in organic solid-state chemistry has been the trapping of the chirality of such a crystal as the chirality of the stable product of chemical reactions in the crystal. Such asymmetric synthesis has been reviewed (255), and a recent book (256) also provides a thorough discussion of chirality in crystals. The related and fascinating topic of the chemical consequences of the presence of a polar axis in some organic crystals has also been reviewed (257). 

An excihng new scientific direction emerged in the 1980s and 1990s for exploring molecular sieves as advanced solid state materials. In a 1989 review, Ozin et al. [88] speculated that zeolites (molecular sieves) as microporous molecular electronic materials with nanometer dimension window, channel and cavity architecture represent a new fronher of solid state chemistry with great opportunihes for innovahve research and development . The applicahons described or envisioned included molecular electronics, quantum dots/chains, zeolite electrodes, batteries, non-linear ophcal materials and chemical sensors. More recently there have been significant research reports on the use of zeolites as low k dielectric materials for microprocessors [89]. 

Dovesi R, Civalleri B, Orlando R, Roetti C, Saunders VR (2005) Ab initio quantum simulation in solid state chemistry. In Lipkowitz KB, Larter R, Cundari TR (eds) Reviews in computational chemistry, vol 21, chap 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim... 

This review sets out to present a comprehensive overview of the current development of Mg solid-state NMR as at mid-2011. Magnesium is a highly significant critical element in the solid-state chemistry of technologically important ceramics, minerals and glasses, as well as being important in the structure and function of many biomolecular systems. ... 

Subramanian, M. A., Aravamudan, G. Subba Rao, G. V. 1983. Oxide pyrochlores - a review. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 15, 55-143. 

Debye-Waller factors, etc. Applications of this versatile tool in solid state chemistry have been extensively reviewed in the literature. 

The structural relationship between the molecular and solid-state compounds has been a hot issue in inorganic chemistry for some time (25-27). The extrusion (or excision) from preformed solid-state cluster compounds is one of the major synthetic methods of the preparation of cluster complexes (26). Use of cluster complexes as precursors to solid-state cluster compounds is the reverse reaction of excision. Both reactions utilize the structural similarity of the metal cluster units. The basic cluster units of polyhedra (deltahedra) or raft structures are triangles, and both molecular and solid-state clusters with octahedral, tetrahedral, and rhomboidal cores have been reported. Similarity of other properties such as electronic structures based on the cluster units is also important. The present review is concerned with the syntheses and structures of the cluster complexes of the group 6 metals and with their relationships to solid-state chemistry. 

Our knowledge concerning soluble metal complexes with sulfide ions as ligands has increased considerably during the last two decades and this kind of Compound is still of topical interest. Some of the reasons for this are the development of a very flexible and fascinating structural chemistry of multinuclear metal-sulfur complexes, the fact that the active sites of some electron transfer proteins contain metal ions and labile sulfur,41,42 and also the relation of metal-sulfur cluster compounds to some heterogeneous catalysts. In addition, apart from the numerous binary and ternary sulfides which occur in nature, we have at our disposal a rich solid state chemistry of metal sulfides, which has been reviewed elsewhere and will be excluded here.43"17... 

The book is unique in its coverage. It provides a general introduction to the properties and nature of the materials, but also covers their latest applications in a wide variety of fields. It should thus be of interest to both experts and nonexperts in the fields of material science, solid-state chemistry, physics, ceramics engineering, and catalysis. The first chapter gives an overview, and many of the chapters provide summaries of advanced topics. All contributions were peer-reviewed. 

Today our understanding is more sophisticated. Chungstun Chin 39) in this volume reviews the recent history of the structure-bonding-property guidelines which have been developed for NLO s over the past twenty years and concludes with a discussion of his recent work on borates so we will forego a further extended discussion of recent structure-property-bonding work in NLO s. Suffice to say our post facto explanations of NLO s are now vastly improved over what they were decades ago but in common with the theoretical situation in most of solid state chemistry our a priori prediction of which new systems to look at for improved properties is still rudimentary. 

A similar theoretical treatment of heterogeneous reactions under plasma conditions is even more complicated, owing to our poor knowledge of chemical interactions between plasmas and solids. Moreover, such an approach is hardly suited to the needs of a chemist in the laboratory, who is interested in preparative solid state chemistry, and who would prefer a reasonably simplified theoretical approach, which would give him a rough idea of the steady state chemical composition of the plasma and its dependence on the basic parameters of the discharge. Such an approach is reviewed in this article. 

Curtin, D.Y. and Paul, I.C. (1981) Chemical consequences of the polar axis in organic solid-state chemistry. Chemical Reviews, 81, 525-541. 

The controlled preparation and characterization of different crystal forms of the same substance has become one of the major issues of modern crystal engineering and solid-state chemistry. Even though the discovery of polymorphs of molecular crystals or of their diverse solvate forms (pseudo-polymorphs) is often serendipitous, crystal polymorphism can, to some extent, be controlled. The existence of more than one packing arrangement for the same molecular or ionic components) could be a major drawback for the purposed bottom-up construction of functional solids. Rather than attempting a thorough review of the subject, this... 

The conceptual connection between cluster and solid-state chemistries is the unifying theme of the first seven chapters. Complementary empirical connections between cluster and solid-state chemistries are emphasized in this final chapter. That is, the synthesis of solid-state materials from molecular precursors including clusters permits the strengths of molecular synthesis to be used in the development of new materials. On the other hand, the utilization of Zintl clusters as novel reagents in solution permits the advantages of thermodynamically driven solid-state synthesis to be transferred to the production of clusters in solution. Most of the examples discussed could have been included in earlier chapters, but are gathered here to serve as a review as well as a stimulus to creative thought for future research in cluster and materials chemistries. 

Paz, Y. Composite Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts and the Adsorb Shuttle Approach A review , in Solid- State Chemistry and Photocatalysis of Titanium Dioxide . Nowotny J. (Editor), Trans Tech Publications, UK [in press]. 

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