Functional solids

Figure 6.6 Wave functions (dashed lines) and probability density functions (solid...

Toward the Construction of Functional Solid-State Supramolecular Metal Complexes Containing Copper(I) and Silver(I)... 

FIG. 3 Dependence of the electrostatic force on tip-surface distance. The experimental data (square points) can he fit reasonably weU with a A/z + B function (solid curve) predicted hy the model in the previous figure for tip-sample distances smaller than the tip radius. 

Fig. 40.3. A composite sine function (solid line) which is the sum of two sine functions of 1 Hz (dotted line) and 3 Hz (dashed line).

In order to overcome these problems, attention was focused on the use of heterogeneous catalysis. We have found that functionalized solid materials, e.g., ionic liquids or tin triflates immobilized into mesoporous materials, can be used in N-acylation reactions as environmentally friendly replacements for traditional homogeneous acids which are useful but environmentally unacceptable catalysts [17, 18]. They had comparable activity to homogeneous reagents but can offer greater stability, safer and easier handling and can be... 

Figure 2. Comparison of the simulated velocity distribution (histogram) with the Maxwell— Boltzmann distribution function (solid line) for kgT —. The system had volume V — 1003 cells of unit length and N = 107 particles with mass m = 1. Rotations (b were selected from the set Q — tt/2, — ti/2 about axes whose directions were chosen uniformly on the surface of a sphere.

Figure 1. The electron momentum density for atomic hydrogen measured by EMS for the indicated energies compared with the square of Schrodinger wave function (solid curve) [4].

The cyclopentadienyl-functionalized solid was added to a flask with excess tetrakis (diethylamino) titanium in toluene. The mixture was stirred under reflux for 24 hours. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with toluene, and dried under vacuum at room temperature overnight, and then stored in a drybox. 

Figure 8. Li + H2 Ground-state population as a function of time for a representative initial basis function (solid line) and the average over 25 (different) initial basis functions sampled (using a quasi-classical Monte Carlo procedure) from the Lit2/j) + H2(v — 0, j — 0) initial state at an impact parameter of 2 bohr. Individual nonadiabatic events for each basis function are completed in less than a femtosecond (solid line) and due to the sloped nature of the conical intersection (see Fig. 7), there is considerable up-funneling (i.e., back-transfer) of population from the ground to the excited electronic state. (Figure adapted from Ref. 140.)...

Fig. 2.8. Left oscillatory part of the reflectivity change of Bi (0001) surface at 8K (open circles). Fit to the double damped harmonic function (solid curve) shows that the Aig and Eg components (broken and dotted curves) are a sine and a cosine functions of time, respectively. Right pump polarization dependence of the amplitudes of coherent Aig and Eg phonons of Bi (0001). Adapted from [25]...

Figure 3 shows the phase uncorrected radial distribution functions (solid line) for bulk [Ru(v-... 

Quantitative Coupling of p-PALdehyde or o,p-PALdehyde to an Amino-Functionalized Solid Support... 

Grafting on the resin was achieved via a nucleophilic substitution of the benzylic chlorine by the deprotonated OH-linker of 52 (Scheme 29) by using a mixture of KO Bu, 18-crown-6 and CsBr. Determining the nitrogen content of solid phase samples by elemental analyses was accomplished, to verify the functionalization of the polymer. This enables calculation of the degree of functionalization. Usually, an occupancy of more than 20 percent of the theoretical sites was achieved. Saponification of the functionalized Merrifield resin P-52 leads to the monoanionic NJ, 0 functionalized solid phase. Subsequent reaction with [ReBrtCOlsJ afforded the polymer mounted tricarbonyl rhenium complex P-52-Re (Scheme 29). 

A. Maddalena, M. Petris, P. Palade, S. Sartori, G. Principi, E. Settimo, B. Molinas, S. Lo Russo, Study of Mg-based materials to be used in a functional solid state hydrogen reservoir for vehicular applications, bit. J. Hyd. Ener. 31 (2006) 2097-2103. 

So far, we have considered only the purification methods for the rapid clean up of reaction mixtures that are facilitated by sequestration of either by-products, excess reactants or spent reagents. The idea that one can used a suitably functionalized solid support to selectively capture the required product away from any contaminating impurities, filter and then re-release it in a pure form is also an important purification concept (Fig. 2.3) [31]. 

FIGURE 10.6 Surface phase model. The real mole fraction profile x,(z) is replaced by a step function (solid lines). L is the nominal thickness of the surface phase. 

Seddon, KR Zaworotko, M. Crystal Engineering the Design and Application of Functional Solids, Kluwer Academie Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999. 

FIGURE 2.24 EXAFS data for (a) (NH4 )2MnBr4 (upper) extracted EXAFS data (lower) the radial distribution function, solid line experimental, dotted line calculated. 

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