Solid oxide fuel cells hybrid systems

GE Hybrid Power Generation Systems (2004) Solid oxide fuel cell hybrid system for distributed power generation, DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement DE-EC26-01NT40779, Phase 1 Topical Report. 

The design and off-design performance evaluation of an anodic recirculation system based on ejector technology for solid oxide fuel cell hybrid system... 

Off-design operation of a solid oxide fuel cell hybrid system was analyzed previously by many authors and a few notes on chosen works are set out below. 

Given these requirements, hybrid and nonhybrid PEMFC systems are the leading contenders for automotive fuel cell power, with additional attention focusing on the direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) version of the technology and the possibility of using solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems as auxiliary power units for cars and trucks. 

Brett DJL, Aguiar P, Brandon NP, Bull RN, Galloway RC, Hayes GW, Lillie K, Mellors C, Smith C, Tilley AR (2006) Concept and system design for a ZEBRA battery-intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell hybrid vehicle. Concept and system design for a ZEBRA battery-mediate. J Power Sources 157 782-798... 

Siemens-Westinghouse Power Corporation of Pittsburgh, PA developed and fabricated the first advanced power plant to combine a solid oxide fuel cell and a gas turbine. The microturbine generator was manufactured by Northern Research and Engineering Corporation of Woburn, Mass. The factory acceptance test was completed in April 2000. Southern California Edison will operate the new hybrid plant at The National Fuel Cell Research Center at the University of California-Irvine. A year of testing in a commercial setting will be performed at this site. The system cycle is expected to generate electric power at 55 % efficiency. 

Costamagna P., Magistri L., Massardo A.F., 2001. Design and part-load performance of a hybrid system based on a solid oxide fuel cell reactor and a micro gas turbine. Journal of... 

Magistri F., Traverso A., Cerutti F., Bozzolo M., Costamagna P., Massardo A.F. (2005) Modelling of pressurised hybrid systems based on integrated planar solid oxide fuel cell (IP-SOFC) technology. Fuel Cells -From Fundamentals to Systems 5, 80-96. 

Liese E.A., Gemmen R.S. (2005) Performance comparison of internal reforming against external reforming in a solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine hybrid system. ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, 86-90. 

Fuel cells are currently being developed for distributed generation most are for applications under 1 MW. Some solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid systems are being developed for 5 MW applications. Aside from fuel cells used... 

J., Jabbari, F., Brouwer, )., and S., Samuelsen (2010) Design, simulation and control of a 100 MW-class solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine hybrid system. 

Zabihian, F. and Fung, A. (2009) A review on modeling of hybrid solid oxide fuel cell systems. Int.J. Eng., 3, 85-119. Winkler, W. and Lorenz, H. (2000) in Proceedings of Fourth European Solid Oxide Fuel CeU Forum, vol. 1 (ed. U. Bossel), Lucerne, pp. 413-420. 

Jr., Tomabene, R.T., and Wang, X.Y.J. (2005) hybrid solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine system design for high altitude long endurance aerospace missions, NASA/TM-2006-214328, NASA Center for Aerospace Information, Hanover, MD. 

Van Osdol, )., liese, E., Tucker, D., Gemmen, R., and James, R. (2010) Scaling of a solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine hybrid system to meet a range of power demand. J. Fnd CeU Set. Technol., 7, 015001. 

Rajashekara, K., Grieve, )., and Dagget, D. (2006) Solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid APU system for aerospace applications, in Industry Applications Conference, 2006. 41st IAS Annual Meeting, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE, pp. 2185-2192. 

Performance characteristics of a solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid system with various part-load control modes./. Power Sources, 166, 155-164. 

Yinhai Zhu, Wenjian Cai, Yanzhong Li, Changyun Wen, Anode gas recirculation behavior of a fuel ejector in hybrid solid oxide fuel cell systems Performance evaluation in three operational modes. Journal of Power Sources 185 (2008) 1122-1130, Xi an, China, Singapore, 23 July 2008... 

Magistri L, Bozzolo M, Tamowski O, Agnew G, Massardo AF (2007) Design and off-design analysis of a MW hybrid system based on Rolls-Royce integrated planar solid oxide fuel cells. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 129 792-797... 

Systems studies to date indicate that fuel cell/turbine hybrids could realize a 25 percent increase in efficiency and 25 percent reduction in cost for a comparably sized fuel cell [14,15], The synergy realized by fuel cell/turbine hybrids derives primarily from using the rejected thermal energy and combustion of residual fuel from a fuel cell to drive the gas turbine. This leveraging of the thermal energy makes the high-temperature molten carbonate (MCFC) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) ideal candidates for hybrid systems. Use of a recuperator contributes to thermal efficiency by transferring heat from the gas turbine exhaust to the fuel and air. 

Buonomano A, Calise F, Dentice d Accadia M, Palombo A, Viddomini M (2015) Hybrid solid oxide fuel cells-gas turbine systems for combined heat and power a review. Appl Energy 156 32-85... 

Zabihian FA (2009) A review on modeling of hybrid solid oxide fuel cell systems. Int J Eng 3 85-119... 

Veyo, S.E., Shookling, L.A., Dederer, IT., Gillett, IE. Lundber, W.L. Tubular solid oxide fuel-cell/gas turbine hybrid cycle power systems Status. J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power 124 (2002), pp. 845-849. 

Flowever, this condition provides some merits for solid oxide fuel cells. The most important one is that the operation temperature can be higher than the reforming temperature so that the heat required for the reforming process may be supplied from the SOFC exhaust heat, and this is one of the reasons why the efficiency of SOFCs can be high. For a similar reason, SOFCs are appropriate for hybrid systems with gas turbines in which further increase in efficiency can be expected by postcombustion of remaining fuels. 

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