Fuel-oxidizer system

Adiabatic flame temperatures agree with values measured by optical techniques, when the combustion is essentially complete and when losses are known to be relatively small. Calculated temperatures and gas compositions are thus extremely useful and essential for assessing the combustion process and predicting the effects of variations in process parameters (4). Advances in computational techniques have made flame temperature and equifibrium gas composition calculations, and the prediction of thermodynamic properties, routine for any fuel-oxidizer system for which the enthalpies and heats of formation are available or can be estimated. 

Pressure as a function of inverse equilibrium temperatures of stoichiometric fuel-oxidizer systems initially at 298 K... 

To determine the laminar flame speed and flame structure, it is now possible to solve by computational techniques the steady-state comprehensive mass, species, and energy conservation equations with a complete reaction mechanism for the fuel-oxidizer system which specifies the heat release. The numerical... 

In the prevention of industrial gas explosion disasters, the most useful terms for evaluating the hazards of various fuel/oxidant systems are believed to be limits of flammability and min spontaneous ignition temp (Ref 3)... 

M. Kilpatrick L.L. Baker, Jr, A study of fast reactions in fuel-oxidant systems, FifthSymp Comb, Reinhold, NY, (1955) 26) S.A. Masier et al, Hypergolic ignition of light hydrocarbon fuels with fluorine-oxygen (FLOX) mixtures, ... 

Much has been written on the drawbacks and benefits of various fuel/oxidizer systems. The purpose of this report is to discuss the efforts of chemist and engineer in developing a new liquid propellant system ready for use in a tactical mission. 

In addition to fuel and oxidizer, other additives are as important to the final formulation as the fuel-oxidizer system, and their role, along with some important examples, is as follows. 

The discussions so far are quite general and hence are apphcable to all cases involving the spherically symmetric vaporization of a singlecomponent droplet. Equations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 show that for a given fuel oxidizer system and for prescribed ambient conditions Yooo and Too, the solutions are determined to within one unknown, H. Three models with different internal heat transport descriptions are presented below. 

Nebulizer-bumer system. The purpose of the system is to produce rmiformly fine fog of droplets from the test solution. The burner has a long and narrow slot at the top so that the flame provides a long absorption path for the incident radiation. The fuel-oxidant system used may be acetylene air, acetylene-nitrous oxide, hydrogen-air etc. 

In a somewhat different manner, the hydrolytic and heat-forming influence of water prevails in some fuel-oxidizer systems that are reactive in the common manner of pyrotechnical combinations, but will also be brought to an intensely-hot flaming reaction by the addition of small amounts of water. Most of these combinations contain sodium peroxide as the oxidizer. Aluminum and magnesium, mixed with sodium peroxide, have been recommended as igniters for the thermite mixtures described later. The magnesium/sodlum peroxide can even be initiated by carbon dioxide. The high reactivity of these combi-... 

The negative sign associated with w indicates that less oxygen from air is needed for complete oxidation because atoms of oxygen already exist in the fuel itself. In most situations it is convenient to normalize the actual mixture composition to the stoichiometric mixture composition for that fuel-oxidizer system. The normalization yields a dimensionless number whose magnitude tells us how far the mixture composition has deviated from stoichiometric conditions. The most... 

Sundararajan, R., Adiga, K.C. and Jain, S.R. (1981) "Energetics of the Condensed Ternary Fuel-Oxidizer Systems", Combustion and Flame, 41, pp. 243-249. 

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