Soils and Fertilizers

ABOUT EXTRACTION AND STABILITY OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM IN SOILS AND FERTILIZERS... 

D. M. Crawford and P. M. Chalk, Mineralization and immobilization of soil and fertilizer nitrogen with nitrification inhibitors and solvents. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24 559 (1992). 

Flame emission spectrometry is used extensively for the determination of trace metals in solution and in particular the alkali and alkaline earth metals. The most notable applications are the determinations of Na, K, Ca and Mg in body fluids and other biological samples for clinical diagnosis. Simple filter instruments generally provide adequate resolution for this type of analysis. The same elements, together with B, Fe, Cu and Mn, are important constituents of soils and fertilizers and the technique is therefore also useful for the analysis of agricultural materials. Although many other trace metals can be determined in a variety of matrices, there has been a preference for the use of atomic absorption spectrometry because variations in flame temperature are much less critical and spectral interference is negligible. Detection limits for flame emission techniques are comparable to those for atomic absorption, i.e. from < 0.01 to 10 ppm (Table 8.6). Flame emission spectrometry complements atomic absorption spectrometry because it operates most effectively for elements which are easily ionized, whilst atomic absorption methods demand a minimum of ionization (Table 8.7). 

Lars Fredrik Nilson, 1840-1899. Professor of analytical chemistry at the University of Upsala and at the Agricultural Academy at Stockholm. Discoverer of scandium His researches on soils and fertilizers transformed the barren plains of his native island into an agricultural region With Otto Pettersson he investigated the rare earths and prepared metallic titanium. 

Allaway. W.H. The Fjfett af Soils and Fertilizers on ffunum and Animal Nutrition. 

IAEA (1984). Soil and Fertilizer Nitrogen. International Atomic Energy Authority Technical Report No. 244. Vienna. 

Talibudeen, O., Natural radioactivity in soils. Soils and Fertilizers 27 (1964) 347-359. 

The earliest references to ion exchange are in relation to soils and fertility. It may not be surprising, therefore, that modern synthetic exchangers have wide potential application in agriculture and horticulture. Elements vital to plant growth may be introduced to soils and other fertile media by means of ion exchangers, from which they may be liberated at a controllable rate. 

Allaway, W.H., 1975. The effect of soils and fertilizers on human and animal nutrition. Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 378, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 52 pp. 

Dubach, P. and Mehta, N. C. (1963). The chemistry of soil humic substances. Soils and Fertilizers 26, 293-300. 

Greenland, D. J. (l%5a). Interaction between clays and organic compounds in soils. Part I. Mechanisms of interaction between clay and defined organic compounds. Soils and Fertilizers, 38 (no. 5), 415-532. 

Q ammonium, potassium, nitrate and phosphate in soil and fertilizers ... 

Plant uptake of zirconium from soil and fertilizers has been demonstrated. In animals, zirconium and zirconia are absorbed either by oral intake or inhalation. In humans it must be assumed that insoluble zirconium compounds are taken up by inhalation because increased zirconium concentrations have been detected in the lungs of miners. The concentrations in the lung lymph nodes were higher than in non-exposed persons zirconium was also detected in blood and urine (Clayton and Clayton 1981). 

Dhankar, J. S., Kumar, V., Sangwan, P. S., and Karwasra, S. P. S. (1993). Effect of sulphur and molybdenum application on dry matter yield, uptake and utilization of soil and fertilizer-sulphur in raya crop (Brassica juncea Ojss). Agrochimica 37 4-5, 316-29. 

Barrow, N.J. (1961) Phosphorus in soil organic matter. Soils and Fertilizers 24, 59-73. 

Kamh, M., Horst, W.J., Amer, F., Mostafa, H. and Maier, P. (1999) Mobilization of soil and fertilizer phosphate by cover crops. Plant and Soil 211, 19-27. 

Stanford, G. and Pierre, W.H., 1953. In Soil and Fertilizer Phosphorus in Crop Nutrition. Academic Press, New York, N.Y., pp. 243-280. 

A discussion of green manures, presumably by the editor of Soils and Fertilizers (Anonymous, 1949), arrives at a similar conclusion. This states that to produce a significant increase in the humus content by the addition of organic matter would require the addition of hundreds of tons of organic matter per acre at frequent intervals. The amounts usually applied are entirely inadequate for this purpose, and in warmer climates at any rate are so rapidly burnt out that the soil is enriched only in the salts left behind. ... 

Barber, S.A., Walker, J.M., Vasey, E.H., 1963. Mechanisms for the movement of plant nutrients from the soil and fertilizer to the plant root. J. Agr. Food Chem. 11, 204—207. 

Soil and fertilizer llosvay reaction Direct detection Potentiometry (NO3-ISE) 6.2-62 mgr Aqueous extraction... 

Boron Soil and fertilizer Azomethine H Spectrophotometry 5.0-50 pgperg Solid sample introduction, online... 

---