International Atomic Energy Authority

Because variations in accurate isotope ratio measurements typically concern only a few parts per 1000 by mass and there are no universal absolute ratios, it is necessary to define some standards. For this purpose, samples of standard substances are produced and made available at two major centers IAEA (International Atomic Energy Authority, U.K.) and NIST (National Institute for Standards and Technology, U.S.). Standards from other sources are also available. These primary standards can be used as such, or alternative standards can be employed if the primary ones are not available. However, any alternative standards need to be related accurately to the primary ones (see formulae below). For example, the material PDB (PeeDee belemnite), used particularly as a standard for the ratio of isotopes, is no longer readily available, and a new standard, VPDB,... 

Standard substances are available from such agencies as the International Atomic Energy Authority (U.K.) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (U.S.). 

Matthew L. Aron, University of Chicago/International Atomic Energy Authority... 

IAEA (1984). Soil and Fertilizer Nitrogen. International Atomic Energy Authority Technical Report No. 244. Vienna. 

L. A. Feidkamp, G. Vankataraman J.S. King (1968). Neutron Inelastic Scattering, Vol. 2, International Atomic Energy Authority, Vienna, plSlO. Dispersion relation for skeletal vibrations in deuterated polyethylene. 

Hooper, G.H.S. (1970) Sterilization of the Mediterranean fruitfly. In Sterile-Male Technique for Control of Fruit Flies, 3-11, International Atomic Energy Authority, Vienna. 

Alcock, C.B., Cornish, J.B. and Grieveson, P., I roc. Conf. on Thermodynamics, International Atomic Energy Authority, Vienna (1966). 

It is a complication that there is no single international source of guidance on QC procedures that covers the whole world and the International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) is attempting to address this by producing documents that provide harmonised guidance. 

S. Rbsinger and S. Mullner in "Industrial Uses of Large Radiation Sources , International Atomic Energy Authority, Vienna, 1963, p. 405. 

Parr, R.M., Houtermans, H. and Schaerf, J. (1979). The IAEA intercomparison of methods of processing Ge(Li) gamma-ray spectra - preliminary report, in Computers in Activation Analysis and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry, IAEA CONF-780421, Carpenter, B.S., D Agostine, M.D. and Yule, H.P. (Eds), International Atomic Energy Authority, Vienna, Austria. 

IAEA (1991). X-Ray and Gamma-Ray standards for Detector Calibration, lAEA-TECDOC-619, International Atomic Energy Authority, Vienna, Austria. 

The International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) maintains a very detailed list of nuclear databases of all kinds at http //www-nds.iaea.org/, including those of value to persons engaged in prompt gamma-ray measurements at http //www-nds.iaea.org/pgaa/. 

IAEA The International Atomic Energy Authority. A United Nations organisation based in Vienna. 

International Atomic Energy Authority, IAEA Safety Standards Series publication ST-1, Regulations for the Safe Transport (f Radioactive Material, 1996 Edn, IAEA, Vieima (1996)... 

Green, M.A. and Livingston, A.D. (1992). Procedures development common deficiencies and possible solutions. In International Atomic Energy Authority International Working Group on Nuclear Power Plant Control and Instrumentation, Specialist Meeting on Operating Procedures for Nuclear Power Plants and Their Presentation, Vienna, Austria. 

Data from the Power Reactor Information System (PRIS) maintained by the International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) and available at . 

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