Pettersson, Otto

Nilson, L. F. and Pettersson, Otto. Ucber die specifische Warme des Berylliums. 

Nikon, L. F., and Pettersson, Otto. On the Essential Properties and Chemical Characters of Beryllium. Read before Royal Soc., Nov. 18, 1880. 

Found the density of BeClj at different points between 490° and 812°, overthrew all their previous ideas of the subject and proved the divalency of beryllium. Full details of preparation, apparatus and method used. 1884 8. Nilson, L. F. and Pettersson, Otto. Determinations de la densite des vapeurs du dilorur de glucinium. Comptes rend., 98, 988. 

Titanium - the atomic number is 22 and the chemical symbol is Ti. The name derives from the Latin titans, who were the mythological first sons of the earth . It was originally discovered by the English clergyman William Gregor in the mineral ilmenite (FeTiOj) in 1791. He called this iron titanite menachanite for the Menachan parish where it was found and the element menachin. It was rediscovered in 1795 by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who called it titanium because it had no characteristic properties to use as a name. Titanium metal was first isolated by the Swedish chemists Sven Otto Pettersson and Lars Fredrik Nilson. 

Sven Otto Pettersson, 1848-1941. Professor of chemistry at the University of Stockholm from 1881-1908. Hydrog-rapher and oceanographer. He collaborated with Lars Fredrik Nilson in researches on metallic titanium and the physical constants of titanium and germanium. He was one of the first chemists to support Svante Arrhenius in his views on electrolytic dissociation. For a discussion of his hydrographic work see ref. (69). 

In 1887 Lars Fredrik Nilson and Otto Pettersson finally prepared the metal 95 per cent pure by reducing the tetrachloride with sodium in an airtight steel cylinder (24, 48). The titanium that Henri Moissan obtained from his electric furnace was free from nitrogen and silicon and contained only 2 per cent of carbon (25). 

Lars Fredrik Nilson, 1840-1899. Professor of analytical chemistry at the University of Upsala and at the Agricultural Academy at Stockholm. Discoverer of scandium His researches on soils and fertilizers transformed the barren plains of his native island into an agricultural region With Otto Pettersson he investigated the rare earths and prepared metallic titanium. 

Nihon s long hours in the laboratory left him little time for recreation, but his brief periods of relaxation were free from worry. Otto Pettersson, professor of chemistry at the University of Stockholm, once said of him ... 

Stockholm University was established in 1878. At the university a certain Kemistfdreningen (The Chemist Society) soon came into existence, the history of which is obscure. It was a loosely organized body with basically the same task as the organizations in Uppsala and Lund. Otto Pettersson, professor of chemistry in Stockholm in 1898, vaguely hinted at the existence of a voluntary organization with the object to arrange lectures and discussions on chemical topics . Not much can be said about its activities, but with all probability it functioned as the others. 

Between 1884 and 1887 Samfundet continued as a loosely organized forum for lectures and discussions similar to the academic organizations. Topics concentrated, as expected, on how to control purity and quality of different industrial products, such as soap, the amount of sulfur and phosphorous in iron, etc. New synthetic methods were presented, as well as also questions concerning chemical products and law, and the situation for the chemical industry in Sweden. Technical matters coupled with economic considerations caused the liveliest discussions. In 1887 a discussion on the control of milk was perhaps the liveliest there ever was in the society .The most scientific topic was when Otto Pettersson and the professor at the Kungliga Lantbruksakademien (Royal Academy of Agriculture) in Stockholm L. F. Nilson presented their analysis of beryllium in September 1886. 

Fill Fysikalisk kemi Professor Otto Pettersson. ... 

Sven-Otto Pettersson (1848-1941), professor in Uppsala and Stockholm, was originally a distinguished oceanographer, but he co-operated with Nilson in chemical research regarding unusual elements as titanium. 

Another attempt at collaboration was in 1894, when KS contacted Kemistforeningen [The Chemists Association], an informal forum for chemists at Stockholms Hdgskola. Its chairman, Otto Pettersson (a member of KS) replied that collaboration would be difficult to organise, since Kemistforeningeny firstly dealt mainly with teaching, and secondly also permitted women to be members, which was not yet the case with KS. The aborted collaboration thus had nothing to do with the science-technology issue. 

Nevertheless, KS often succeeded to unite these different groups. Otto Pettersson s jubilee statement was not entirely unfounded. The importance of science also became clearer for many industrialists, with Oscar Carlson as a pioneer actively trying to break away from the trial-and-error ways of earlier chemical industry. Certainly conflicts between scientific and industrial interests continued well into the twentieth century, but science constantly grew stronger. 

Bohuslav Brauner, Uber das Atomgewicht des Berylliums, Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 11 (1878) 872-874 Lars Friedrich Nielsen and Otto Pettersson, Uber das Atomgewicht des Berylliums—Erwiderung an Hrn. Lothar Meyer, Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 11 (1878) 906-910. 

L. F. Nilson 8c Otto Pettersson, Om Berylliums atomvigt och vasendthga egens-kaper [On the Atomic Weight and Essential Properties of Beryllium], Ofuersigt KVA 37 6 (1880), 42 on the beryllium fight, see Spronsen, The Periodic System (note 9), 300-302. 

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