Soft schematic representation

Schematic representation of disturbed triple-line region on a soft solid.

Fig. 11 Schematic representation of the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation Ti for thermally activated motion (a) according to Eq. 4 and for correlated motion connected with a soft lattice mode (b)...

Fig. 8 (a) Schematic representation of the fabrication process for MIP nanopatteming using a hydrophilic PDMS stamp, (b) Dark field microscopy image of an MIP nanopattemed by soft lithography. Inset AFM topography scan of the MIP nanopattem [85]... 

Fig. 3.1. Schematic representation of normal micelle (M) in water, a soft-core reverse micelle (RM) and hard-core reverse micelles (RM) in hydrocarbon formulation, ( AAAO ) detergent molecule...

Fig. 7.5 Schematic representation of (a) laminar distributive mixing where the blob is stretched and deformed and distributed throughout the volume (b) shows the same process as (a) but with an immiscible liquid or a soft agglomerate where the stretching leads to a breakup process.

Figure 4. Schematic representation of hard-soft nanocomposites.

In Chapter 1, we have discussed the potential and charge of hard particles, which colloidal particles play a fundamental role in their interfacial electric phenomena such as electrostatic interaction between them and their motion in an electric field [1 ]. In this chapter, we focus on the case where the particle core is covered by an ion-penetrable surface layer of polyelectrolytes, which we term a surface charge layer (or, simply, a surface layer). Polyelectrolyte-coated particles are often called soft particles [3-16]. It is shown that the Donnan potential plays an important role in determining the potential distribution across a surface charge layer. Soft particles serve as a model for biocolloids such as cells. In such cases, the electrical double layer is formed not only outside but also inside the surface charge layer Figure 4.1 shows schematic representation of ion and potential distributions around a hard surface (Fig. 4.1a) and a soft surface (Fig. 4.1b). 

FIGURE 13.2 Schematic representation of the potential distribution ij/ x) across two parallel interacting ion-penetrable semi-inhnite membranes (soft plates) 1 and 2 at separation h. The potentials in the region far inside the membrane interior is practically equal to the Donnan potential i/ doni or i/ don2-... 

FIGURE 21.3 Schematic representation of liquid velocity distribution u x) (b) as well as potential distribution il/ x) (a) around a soft particle, and the electrophoretic mobibty /r as a function of electrolyte concentration n (c). 

Figure 6.7 Schematic representation of the use of a hard ctq)ping metal to protect soft metals such as aluminum or copper.

Figure 28 A schematic representation of so-called nanostructuiing by way of a soft-lifliography process. (A) Filling of depressions in the polymer plate (B) imprinting on a solid surface (see text) Source-. Courtesy of Nature.

Fig. 18 Schematic representation of crowded soft systems (a) entangled polymers, (b) repulsive colloidal hard spheres, (c) colloidal star polymers, and (d) attractive hard spheres. The former are described by the tube model for entanglements, whereas the latter three by the general cage model for colloidal glasses...

Figure 4.12 (a) STM image of HBC on HOPG surface after soft-landing. The arrows indicate a dislocation in the periodic lattice, (h) Schematic representation of the molecular packing with molecules edge-on the surface. 

Figure 15.1. The retrometabolic drug design loop, includingchemical delivery system (CDS) design and soft drug (SD) design. A schematic representation of possible metabolic pathways for drugs in general is also included (see text for details).

Figure 2. Schematic representation of continuous and interpenetrating hard segment lamellae. The hard segment blocks that are too short to crystallize are shown in the soft segment matrix.

Fig. 3.2 Schematic representation of a DD curve. The slope of the contact zone" is equal to unity when considering the contact between the tip and a rigid surface, whereas it is lower than 1 for the contact between the tip and a soft material (polymer).

Fig. lla.. Schematic representation of pyridine adsorbed in the 12-mcmbered ring of Fauja.siie at a Bronsted acid site (bridging proton), b Charge and local softness on the N-atom of pyridine upon approaching the zeolite surface (i) with the proton located at oxygen type Oi (in front of N) (ii) with the proton on oxygen O4... 

Figure 1.4 Schematic representation of hard and soft segments in SMPUs.

Figure 11.11 A schematic representation of the soft-template method used to prepare CPCs (a) micelles, (b) oil droplets, (c) gaseous bubbles...

FIGURE 2.6 Schematic representation of a polyurethane, with hard blocks shown as the bold lines and soft blocks as the thin lines, phase separating in the solid state and undergoing disordering on heating. (Adapted from Pearson, R.G., in Speciality Polymers, Dyson, R.W. (Ed.), Blackie, 1987.)... 

Figure 15 Schematic representation of the reversible assembly of stimuli-responsive (PDEA)7-CD-(PMIPAM)i4 star block copolymers, and TEM of fhe corresponding structures. Reproduced with permission from Ge, Z. S. Xu, J. Hu, J. M. etal. Soft Matter2009, 5 (20), 3932-3939. ...

In the case of plasticized poly(butyral-co-vinyl alcohol) [73], use of dipolar rotational spin-echo CNMR in conjunction with C) determinations, has shown that the frequencies but not the amplitudes of cooperative main-chain motions of the polymer in the hard regions, corresponding to solid polymer associated with partially immobilized plasticizer, are influenced by interactions with the soft regions attributed to liquid plasticizer containing mobile polymer. From this result, a schematic representation of the partitioning of the polymer and plasticizer in terms of a two-phase domain model has been proposed. 

Schematic representation of different variants the soft lithography process is given in the work [3], Soft lithography technique was successfully applied in the fabrication of pol)rmer patterns with dimensions down to the sub-lOOnm scale.

Fig. 4.3-27 Schematic representation of the random anisotropy model for grains embedded in an ideally soft ferromagnetic matrix. The double arrows indicate the randomly fluctuating anisotropy axis the dark area represents the ferromagnetic correlation volume determined by the exchange length Lex = A/(K)) I [3.23]...

Figure 16.3 shows a schematic representation of a photoelectron transfer reaction where a sensitizer (S ) in one phase is quenched by an electron donor (Q) in the adjacent phase. A charge-transfer complex [S - Q+] is formed at the inta face. In a bulk solution, recombination often occurs due to the cage effect formed by the solvent molecules. At soft interfaces, the dissociation of the charge transfer complex into photoproducts can be favored by the presence of the static electric field, and this is still a very important point to quantify in the coming years. 

Fig. 9 a Schematic representation of intermittent contact SECM. Reproduced from [25] with permission of the American Chemical Society, b Schematic illustration of a soft microelectrode. Reproduced from [18] with permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry... 

Figure 3 Schematic representation of the structure of the segmented polyurethane chain (a), association of hard segments into domains of globular morphology (b) and co-continuous soft and hard phase morphology (c).

Fig. 8.2 Schematic representation of a rod (left) and a sphere (right) indicating the impenetrable hard core and the penetrable soft shell...

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the principle of the different core level spectroscopies. Lower part (See caption of fig. 3.) (a) and (b) SXE soft X-ray emission, (a) and (c) AES Auger electron spectroscopy, (d) XPS X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, (e) SXA soft X-ray absorption, (f) EELS electron energy loss spectroscopy. Upper part (See caption of fig. 3.) Half-filled rectangle excited final state with the same electron count as in the initial state, (e), (f). Divided rectangle final state with two electrons less than in the initial state (see also fig. 19b).

Figure 4.1 Schematic representation of the soft lithography process.

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