Soft resources

The PV technologies that currently demonstrate the potential to meet the cost and performance projections of this study are thin film CdTe and CIS PV, which raises questions regarding the resource availability of tellurium and indium to meet the required scale of PV production. The tellurium and indium production estimates of Zweibel1,24 indicate that the tellurium and indium resource bases are likely sufficient to support the manufacture of 50 GWp/year of CdTe and CIS PV. This conclusion is highly sensitive to assumptions about layer thickness and the availability and price of tellurium and indium. It needs to be emphasized that the tellurium and indium re source production projections are based on soft resource data analysis and substantial variation in assumed layer thicknesses and module efficiencies. An important devel... 

Successful strategies require resources to convert them into reality (including both hard resources [like cash, plant and equipment, and offices] and soft resources such as people and technology). The manager s unique role in resource allocation stems from three distinctive features of the job. First, the manager is the only person who can commit resources across the entire business. Since nearly every major strategy entails cross-functional commitments, the manager is normally the only executive empowered to make these commitments. 

Polyesters are known to be produced by many bacteria as intracellular reserve materials for use as a food source during periods of environmental stress. They have received a great deal of attention since the 1970s because they are biodegradable, can be processed as plastic materials, are produced from renewable resources, and can be produced by many bacteria in a range of compositions. The thermoplastic polymers have properties that vary from soft elastomers to rigid brittie plastics in accordance with the stmcture of the pendent side-chain of the polyester. The general stmcture of this class of compounds is shown by (3), where R = CH3, n = >100, and m = 0-8. 

Paper (qv) is a material of tremendous versatility and utility, prepared from a renewable resource. It may be made soft or stiff, dense or porous, absorbent or water repellent, textured or smooth. Some of the versatility originates with the fibers, which may vary from short and supple to long and stiff, but the contribution of chemicals should not be underestimated (see Papermaking materials and additives). 

As a final task in estimating resource requirements, ask the team to play devil s advocate. Given the range of experience the team represents, they should be able to poke holes in even the most precise, well-considered estimates. This will help you identify areas in which your numbers maybe soft and flag those in which you may have been overly ambitious in terms of time requirements. 

Gleick PH (2003) Global Freshwater Resources Soft-Path Solutions for the 21st Century. Science 302 1524-1528... 

Development of Integrated Systematic Engineering Approaches to Sustainable Resource Exploitation (e.g., life-cycle analysis, soft-systems analysis) in fields such as Mining, Forestry, and Agriculture,... 

Laughlin NK University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl Evaluate blood and soft tissue in adult and geriatric monkeys previously exposed to lead to compare these biomarkers with behavioral endpoints National Center For Research Resources... 

The demands are given as orders which are partially movable or have a fixed assignment to a resource with dearly defined setup, production and deaning times. There are also anonymous demands that were calculated from forecasts. The target inventory is a soft constraint that is used to model dynamic safety stocks. Most quants must fulfill integer batch sizes and often minimum lot sizes. 

Fig. 12.6 User interface of an electronic planning board (Source OR Soft Jaenicke GmbH). The Gantt chart for the resources (white background) shows some gaps in the allocation where another process order may fit in, the histograms (black background) show the resulting stock levels for the materials involved.

Constraints are given as resource utilization restrictions (e.g., shift regimes, workforce availability, energy, catalyzer). In addition relations between different dynamic data objects are defined (e.g., setup matrix, order network). Constraints can be considered as hard (must be satisfied) or soft (violations are visualized) in a given time interval with regard to calculation of derived dynamic data. 

Velikov, K.P., Pelan, E. (2008). Colloidal delivery systems for micronutrients and nutra-ceuticals tools and resources. Soft Matter, 4, 1964-1980. 

A specification agreed with a supplier is not a guarantee that all deliveries will fully comply with it and arrive in full and on time. A Certificate of Analysis adds confidence and if the supplier is accredited to the ISO 9000 series or a national equivalent it shows that the quality systems have been independently audited and found to be acceptable. However, there is no substitute for regular performance reviews, backed up as appropriate by audits of the manufacturing facilities and quality systems (including incoming raw materials). This is a very onerous and time-consuming exercise, well beyond the resources of most soft drink manufacturers. 

The best papers to use with amidol developer are old-style, soft emulsion papers, such as those with minimal hardener, silver-rich papers (papers without excessive dye sensitization), graded bromide papers, long-scale chloride papers, or specially coated papers such as David Lewis Bromoil Paper (see Resources). With any other paper, which is to say most modern chlorobromide papers, amidol works just as well, though not necessarily better than most other developing agents, or combination of developing agents—thus the controversy. 

Mass spectrometry is an emerging technology and now a core resource in all areas of viral research [1,2]. It is becoming a fundamental tool for work in areas such as protein characterization [3-6], structural virology [7-12], drug discovery [12,13], and clinical chemistry [14]. Most of the increased interest in this technique has been due to the development of matrix-assisted laser desorp-tion/ionization [15] (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) [16], which are highly sensitive and soft ionization techniques. 

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