Regime shifts

Figure 3.22 is a plot of slug-to-annular transition lines for different pressures. Thus the boundaries between flow regimes shift from adiabatic lines depending on the... 

Widespread ecosystem changes throughout the North Pacific representing a piankton regime shift. 

Impact of climate regime shifts on marine ecosystems. 

Kemp R. Technology and the transition to environmental sustainability - the problem of technological regime shifts. Futures. 1994 26(10) 1023 46. 

Radach G, Lenhart HJ (1995) Nutrient dynamics in the North Sea fluxes and budgets in the water column derived from ERSEM. Neth J Sea Res 33 301-335 Reid PC, Borges MF, Svendsen E (2001) A regime shift in the North Sea circa 1990. Fish Res 50 163-171 Reid PC, Edwards M (2001) Long-term changes in the pel-agos, benthos and fisheries of the North Sea. Senckenb Marit 31 107-115... 

Viles, H.A., Taylor, M.P., Nicoll, K. Neumann, S. (2007) Facies evidence of hydroclimatic regime shifts in tufa deposition sequences from the arid Naukluft Mountains, Namibia. Sedimentary Geology 195, 39-53. 

Hagen, E., Feistel, R., 2005. Climatic turning points and regime shifts in the Baltic Sea region the Baltic winter index (WIBIX, 1659-2002). Boreal Environment Research, 10, 211-224. 

It is interesting that a shift in species composition at the end of the 1980s was not only found in the phytoplankton, but also in the zooplankton and fish community of the Baltic Proper (Alheitet al., 2005 Mollmann et al., 2(X)6). As different components of the ecosystem are influenced in a short time span, this may be considered as a regime shift. It was related to the NAO and was also found in the North Sea (AUieit et al., 2005). 

Albeit, J., MoUmann, C., Dutz, J., Kornilovs, G., Loewe, P, Mohrholz, V., Wasmund, N., 2005. Synchronous ecological regime shifts in the central Baltic and the North Sea in the late 1980s. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62, 1205-1215. 

FIGURE 18.14 Schematic presentation of processes stahi lizing a cod or sprat dominated system in the central Baltic. Note the vertical line represents the situation in the second half of the 199O s with the regime shift taking place in the late 198O s and the early 199O s (from Koster et al., 2003). 

The file wbix annually.txt contains the annual values of the Baltic Sea Winter Climate Index (WIBIX) 1859-2002 for the description of the so-called regime shifts proposed by Hagen and Feistel (2005). More details about the WIBIX and the Girs data are discussed in Chapter 5. 

M. Scheffer (2001). Climatic warming causes regime shifts in lake food webs. Limnol. 

M. Scheffer, D. Straile, E.H. van Nes, H. Hosper (2001). Climatic warming causes regime shifts in lake food webs. Limnol. Oceanogr., 46,1780-1783. 

Hare, S.R. and Mantua, N.J. (2000) Empirical evidence for North Pacific regime shifts in 1977 and 1989. Progress in Oceanography, 47, 103—145. 

Minobe, S. (1999) Resonance in bidecadal and pentadecadal climate oscillations over the North Pacific Role in climate regime shifts. Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 855-858. 

Reid, P.C., Borges, M.D. and Svendsen, E. (2001a) A regime shift in the North Sea circa 1988 linked to changes in the North Sea horse mackerel fishery. Fisheries Research, 50, 163-171. 

Kemp, R., Schot, J. and Remco, H. (1998) Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation the approach of strategic niche management. Technology Analysis Strategic Management 10(2), 175-195. 

Because the regime shifts from 3 to 1-2 and because this shift would probably be quite gradual, it is reasonable to consider that the reaction occurs in regime 1-2-3. The reaction is also known to be restricted to phase 2, and hence the equations given in Chapter 14 can be used to calculate the reactor volume for a given conversion or the reaction time for a given volume for the same conversion. 

In Fig. 4, we see how temperature influences the shape and the values of the dielectric loss and the corresponding conductivity spectra of PAH/PSS PEM. At a given frequency, the conductivity increases with temperature. One also sees that the transition into the dispersive regime shifts to higher frequencies when the temperature is raised. Electrode polarization effects are visible at the lowest frequencies. 

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