SODIUM METHACRYLATE POLYMER

Anderson, T., Holappa,S.,Aseyev,V. and Tenhu, H. (2003) Complexation oflinearandpoly(eth-ylene oxide)-graftedpoly(methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride) with poly(ethylene oxide-block-sodium methacrylate). /. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem., 41,1904-1914. 

Acrylamide copolymers designed to reduce undesired amide group hydrolysis, increase thermal stability, and improve solubility in saline media have been synthesized and studied for EOR applications. These polymers still tend to be shear sensitive. Acrylamide comonomers that have been used include 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate, abbreviated AMPS, (1,321-324), 2-sulfo-ethylmethacrylate (325,326), diacetone acrylamide (324, 326), and vinylpyrrolidinone (327,328). Acrylamide terpolymers include those with sodium acrylate and acrylamido-N-dodecyl-N-butyl sulfonate (329), with AMPS and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (330), with AMPS and N-vinylpyrrolidinone (331), and with sodium acrylate and sodium methacrylate (332). While most copolymers tested have been random copolymers, block copolymers of acrylamide and AMPS also have utility in this application (333). 

Thermally reversible gels based on NIPA polymers and copolymers of N,N-diethylacrylamide and sodium methacrylate collapsed abruptly upon heating at 33 °C and 55 °C, respectively [69]. These materials could be used in separation processes. Collapsed gel samples were added to a solution which contained a protein or other macromolecule and various small solutes. The gel... 

To dearly distinguish between these two modes of solvent penetration of the gel, we immersed poly(acrylamide-co-sodium methacrylate) gels swollen with water and equilibrated with either pH 4.0 HQ or pH 9.2 NaOH solution into limited volumes of solutions of 10 wt % deuterium oxide (DzO) in water at the same pHs. By measuring the decline in density of the solution with time using a densitometer, we extracted the diffusion coefficient of D20 into the gel using a least squares curve fit of the exact solution for this diffusion problem to the data [121,149]. The curve fit in each case was excellent, and the diffusion coefficients obtained were 2.3 x 10 5cm2/s into the ionized pH 9.2 gel and 2.4 x 10 5 cm2/s into the nonionized pH 4.0 gel. These compare favorably with the self diffusion coefficient of D20, which is 2.6 x 10 5 cm2/s, since the presence of the polymer can be expected to reduce the diffusion coefficient about 10% in these cases [150], In short, these experiments show that individual solvent molecules can rapidly redistribute between the solution and the gel by a Fickian diffusion process with diffusion coefficients slightly less than in the free solution. 

The alkyl substituents of methacrylates are varied as methyl (M-l),27-84-100-132-133 176 ethyl (M-2),102198 isopropyl (M-3),199 n-butyl (M-4),102 132 176 198 isobutyl (M-5),102 sec-butyl (M-6),102 tot-butyl (M-7),63102 isobornyl (M-8),63 2-phenylethyl (M-9),195 benzyl (M-10),199 and 4-nitrophenyl (M-ll)166 methacrylates were also polymerized in a controlled way, and the polymer from M-ll can be converted easily into poly(methacrylic acid) via deprotection of the nitrophenyl group. Sodium methacrylate (M-12), an ionic monomer, can be polymerized directly into poly(methacrylic acid) sodium salt with controlled molecular weights and narrow MWDs (MJMn = 1.2—1.3) with a water-soluble bromide initiator and CuBr/L-1 in water under alkaline conditions (pH 8—9) at 90 °C, although the polymerization stopped around 70— 80%.200... 

In simple homopolymers and networks, ionic charges may be introduced for a variety of reasons. For example, introducing about 5% of sodium methacrylic acid into polyethylene produces ionomers, which are clear, tough plastics. When the Tg of the polymer is below ambient, materials known as carboxylic rubbers are formed. Anionic and cationic ion exchange resins have been known for a long time. ... 

Murthy, P. S. K. Mohan, Y. M. Sreeramulu, J. Raju, K. M. Semi-IPNs of starch and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium methacrylate) Preparation, swelling and diffusion characteristics evaluation. React. Eunct. Polym. 66 1482-1493 (2006). 

Block Ionomers. The block ionomers to be discussed are of AB or ABA type, in which one of the blocks is ionic (eg, sodium methacrylate) and the other consists of nonionic units (eg, polystyrene). While ionic block copolymers in a micelle form in both aqueous and nonaqueous solutions have been studied extensively (99-101,130,131), the viscoelastic properties of block ionomers in bulk have not received much attention (132-137). If the short ionic blocks formed micelle-like aggregates, which were surrounded by nonionic blocks, the viscoelastic properties of the diblock ionomers would be very similar to those of stars or polymers of low molecular weight (136). Thus, above the Tg of the nonionic blocks, as the temperature increased the modulus dropped rapidly with a very short rubbery plateau. For example, in a dynamic mechanical study, it was found that a homopolymer containing 490 styrene units showed a Tg at ca 115°C, and started to flow at ca 150°C. However, in the case of a diblock ionomer containing 490 styrene units and 40 sodium methacrylate ionic units showed a Tg at ca 116°C, and flow behavior was observed above ca 165°C, which was only 15°C higher than that of nonionic polystyrene (135). 

Acrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer esterified to an unknown degree to methyl acrylate Acrylic acid-styrene copolymer esterified to an unknown degree to methyl acrylate Ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer neutralized to an unknown degree to sodium methacrylate Isophthalic acid-ethylene glycol copolymer post-treated to form the diallyl ester 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester, polymer with 2-propenoic acid, methyl ester 2-Propenoic acid, poljrmer with ethenylbenzene, methyl ester 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with ethene, sodium salt 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, polymer with 1,2-ethanediol, di-2-propenyl ester... 

Notice the difference in word order between the CA Index name of this modified copolymer and that of the unmodified ethylene-sodium methacrylate copolymer 2-propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, sodium salt, polymer with ethene. 

To carry out SFEIP in homogeneous aqueous solutions, the radical mediator, as also the monomer and the polymers, should be soluble in the medium. A number of water-soluble monomers have been polymerized by the living radical process (Qiu et al., 2001). They include uncharged monomers, such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate, acrylic acid, etc., and charged/ionic monomers, such as sodium methacrylate, sodium vinylbenzoate (NaVBA) and sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS). 

Figure 2 shows another interesting compound crosslinked system, the idealized morphology of the polyethylene ionomer known commercially as Surlyn. This polymer contains about 5% of sodium methacrylate as a random comonomer. The ionomeric groups phase-separate into small domains of about 70A in size, the crystallites occupy a second region of space, and the amorphous portion occupies a third region of space. 

Holappa, S., Anderson, T., Kantonen, L, Plattner, P. and Tenhu, H. (2003) Soluble polyelectrolyte complexes composed of PEO-block-poly( sodium methacrylate) andpoly(methacryloyl-oxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride). Polymer, 44,7907-7916. 

Du AH, Peng ZL, Zhang Y, Zhang YX (2003) Properties of EVM vulcanizates reinforced by in situ prepared sodium methacrylate. J Appl Polym Sci 89(8) 2192-2200... 

Liu, Z.Q., Yang, Z.P., Luo, Y.L., 2012c. Swelling, pH sensitivity, and mechanical properties of poly(acrylamide-co-sodium methacrylate) nanocomposite hydrogels impregnated with carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes. Polymer Composite 33, 665—674. 

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