Sodium cyanide ethylate

Styphnic acid. Ammonia, Barium chlorate dehydrate. Acetone Benzyl chloride. Sodium cyanide. Ethyl alcohol. Liquid hromine, Carhon tetrachloride. Sodium hydroxide. Sodium sulfate. Chloroform... 

Phosphorus oxytrichloride. Ethylene dichloride, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium fluoride. Ethyl alcohol. Chloroform, Petroleum ether Phosphorus oxytrichloride. Ethylene dichloride, Dimethylamine, Sodium carbonate, Sodium cyanide. Ethyl alcohol. Acetonitrile, Pyridine... 

Zinc chloride Sodium cyanide Ethyl iodide Sodium... 

Nitdles may be prepared by several methods (1). The first nitrile to be prepared was propionitdle, which was obtained in 1834 by distilling barium ethyl sulfate with potassium cyanide. This is a general preparation of nitriles from sulfonate salts and is referred to as the Pelou2e reaction (2). Although not commonly practiced today, dehydration of amides has been widely used to produce nitriles and was the first commercial synthesis of a nitrile. The reaction of alkyl hahdes with sodium cyanide to produce nitriles (eq. 1) also is a general reaction with wide appHcabiUty ... 

Miscellaneous Reactions. Sodium bisulfite adds to acetaldehyde to form a white crystalline addition compound, insoluble in ethyl alcohol and ether. This bisulfite addition compound is frequendy used to isolate and purify acetaldehyde, which may be regenerated with dilute acid. Hydrocyanic acid adds to acetaldehyde in the presence of an alkaU catalyst to form cyanohydrin the cyanohydrin may also be prepared from sodium cyanide and the bisulfite addition compound. Acrylonittile [107-13-1] (qv) can be made from acetaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid by heating the cyanohydrin that is formed to 600—700°C (77). Alanine [302-72-7] can be prepared by the reaction of an ammonium salt and an alkaU metal cyanide with acetaldehyde this is a general method for the preparation of a-amino acids called the Strecker amino acids synthesis. Grignard reagents add readily to acetaldehyde, the final product being a secondary alcohol. Thioacetaldehyde [2765-04-0] is formed by reaction of acetaldehyde with hydrogen sulfide thioacetaldehyde polymerizes readily to the trimer. 

Dichloroacetic acid is produced in the laboratory by the reaction of chloral hydrate [302-17-0] with sodium cyanide (31). It has been manufactured by the chlorination of acetic and chloroacetic acids (32), reduction of trichloroacetic acid (33), hydrolysis of pentachloroethane [76-01-7] (34), and hydrolysis of dichloroacetyl chloride. Due to similar boiling points, the separation of dichloroacetic acid from chloroacetic acid is not practical by conventional distillation. However, this separation has been accompHshed by the addition of a eotropeforming hydrocarbons such as bromoben2ene (35) or by distillation of the methyl or ethyl ester. 

From ethyl chloroacetate and sodium cyanide, and by esteri-fying cyanoacetic acid. Stephens, J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 43, 313T, 327T (1924). 

Lead hydroxide Litliimn amide Methyl ethyl pyridine Sodamide Sodium cyanide Nitrogen dioxide Nitric acid... 

The thenyl chlorides appear to be more reactive in nucleophilic aliphatic substitution than the benzyl analogs. Thus, 2-thenyh chloride gives, in the reaction with sodium cyanide in ethanol, a mixture of ethyl 2-thenyl ether (25% yield) and 2-thenyl cyanide (32% yield), whereas benzyl chloride gives a high 3deld of benzyl cyanide uncontaminated with benzyl ether. When 2-thenyl chloride and benzyl chloride were allowed to compete for a deficiency of sodium amyloxide, 2-thenyl chloride reacted three times faster. In acetone solution 2-thenyl cyanide is obtained smoothl. ... 

Cuprous cyanide Ethyl bromide Potassium bisulfate Sodium hydroxide... 

The 5-methyl-5-ethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione may be prepared by reacting methyl ethyl ketone with sodium cyanide and with ammonium thiocyanate followed by desulfurization. This intermediate may also be prepared by condensing a-hydroxy-a-methylbutyramide with ethyl chlorocarbonate or by condensing ethyl a-hydroxy-a-methylbutyrate with urea. Another method described (Traube and Aschar, Ber., 46, 2077-1913) consists in the condensation of ethyl a-hydroxy-a-methylbutyrate with guanidine followed by hydrolysis. 

B. Addition of Sodium Cyanide to Ethyl ct-Cyano-fi-phenyl-acrylate —Twenty grams of cyanophenylacrylic aster is treated with 40 cc. of 50 per cent alcohol and 10 g. of finely pow-... 

Woodward s strychnine synthesis commences with a Fischer indole synthesis using phenylhydrazine (24) and acetoveratrone (25) as starting materials (see Scheme 2). In the presence of polyphosphor-ic acid, intermediates 24 and 25 combine to afford 2-veratrylindole (23) through the reaction processes illustrated in Scheme 2. With its a position suitably masked, 2-veratrylindole (23) reacts smoothly at the ft position with the Schiff base derived from the action of dimethylamine on formaldehyde to give intermediate 22 in 92% yield. TV-Methylation of the dimethylamino substituent in 22 with methyl iodide, followed by exposure of the resultant quaternary ammonium iodide to sodium cyanide in DMF, provides nitrile 26 in an overall yield of 97%. Condensation of 2-veratryl-tryptamine (20), the product of a lithium aluminum hydride reduction of nitrile 26, with ethyl glyoxylate (21) furnishes Schiff base 19 in a yield of 92%. 

The preparation of ethyl cyanoacetate by the reaction of sodium cyanide on ethyl chloroacetate, which had not caused any incident after being carried out about twenty times, gives rise to a violent eruption of the medium during a further operation. No explanation could be provided. 

Figure 2.30 Critical pH for flotation with potassium ethyl xanthate in presence of sodium cyanide.

In a 2-1. round-bottomed flask are placed, in the order mentioned, 50 g. (1 mole) of 98% sodium cyanide in 100 ml. of water, 58.9 g. (1.1 moles) of ammonium chloride in 140 ml. of lukewarm water (about 35°), and 134 ml. (2 moles) of aqueous ammonia (sp. gr. 0.90). The mixture is shaken while 120 g. (1 mole) of acetophenone in 300 ml. of 95% ethyl alcohol is added. The flask is stoppered with a rubber stopper, which is wired in place (Note 1), and is then immersed in a water bath maintained at 60°. The flask is shaken from time to time, and a homogeneous solution results within half an hour. The reaction mixture is heated for 5 hours at 60°, then well cooled in an ice-water mixture, and poured, with precautions (under a well-ventilated hood), into a 5-1. round-bottomed flask which is immersed up to the neck in an ice-water mixture and which contains 800 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid (sp. gr. 1.18-1.19). The reaction flask is rinsed with two 25-ml. portions of water, which are added to the hydrochloric acid solution. The solution of the aminonitrile is satu-... 

To suppress the noncatalyzed reaction (which decreases the enantioselec-tivity) between acetone cyanohydrin and the substrate, ethyl acetate is required as a co-solvent, and a low reaction temperature is also essential. Han et al.22 found that in organic solution with a trace amount of water the above reaction proceeds with the same high enantioselectivity as in the presence of an aqueous buffer. The reaction can be carried out at a wide range of temperatures from 0° to 30° C. To avoid using highly toxic potassium or sodium cyanide, acetone cyanohydrin is used as a cyano donor. 

Dihydrogambirtannine (337) has been achieved via two routes from N-[2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl]isoquinolinium salts. Wenkert and co-workers (183) first synthesized the stable intermediate 339, which could be hydrolyzed, decarboxy-lated, and cyclized in one step by the use of aqueous alkali to ( )-337. In a very similar approach, Beisler (184) caused the isoquinolinium salt 340 to react with sodium borohydride and sodium cyanide, and the resulting intermediate 341 was immediately treated with strong acid. This one-pot reaction gave ( )-di-hydrogambirtannine in an overall yield of 83%. 

Aldehyde 244 reacts with manganese dioxide and sodium cyanide in ethanol to give ethyl ester 245 (Scheme 19), while oxidation of alcohol 12 with sodium peroxodisulfate in the presence of a catalytic amount of ruthenium chloride furnishes the carboxylic acid 246 (Scheme 19) <1998CPB287>. 

Mettler and colleagues reported an alternative synthesis of malonate 16 in the same paper (Griffiths et al., 1991) in which they condensed cyclohexanone with ethyl cyano-acetate instead of diethyl malonate in the Knoevenagel reaction to give ethyl cyano(cyclohexylidene)-acetate (18). In the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium cyanide, the Michael addition of HCN to cyanoacetate 18 proceeded in good yield at room temperature to generate the dicyanoester 19. Intermediate 19 was selectively converted to malonate 16 with pressurized HCI treatment in ethanol (Scheme 16.4). 

Sodium hydroxide. Sodium cyanide. Bromine, Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid. Bromine, Sodium cyanide Acetone, Sulfuric acid. Bromine, Methylene chloride Biguanide, Ethanol, Perchloric acid. Ethyl acetate l,3-Dichloro-2-propanol, Trioxane, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Sulfuric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Dimethylsulfoxide, Sodium azide. Methylene chloride Ammonium nitrate, Nitromethane Ammonium nitrate, Hydrazine Sodium nitrate, Sulfur, Charcoal Potassium nitrate, Sulfur, Charcoal Magnesium powder, Hexachlorethane, Naphthalene... 

Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride. Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Toluene, Pyridine, Calcium chloride Sodium cyanide, Carbon tetrachloride, Ethyl alcohol,... 

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