Pyridine, 5-ethyl-2-methyl

Ethyl-2-methyl Pyridine, 2-Methyl-5-ethyl-Pyridine (MEP) or Aldehydine (2,5),... 

Nicotinic arid Paraldehyde + NH3 - 2 methyl 5 ethyl pyridine + HN03 2.5 dicarboxy pyridine - nicotinic acid... 

Alkylated pyridines such as 3-picoline, 3(5)-ethylpyridine and 2-methyl-5-ethyl-pyridine (MEP) are the natural choice as starting materials for the nicotinates. The choice of alkyl pyridine is governed by their availability and the process being used. 

An economically advantaged alternative to 3-picoline is 2-methyl-5-ethyl pyridine (MEP), which is a less expensive and more readily available feedstock. MEP is thus a preferred starting material for producing nicotinic acid whether by a direct oxidation or ammoxidation route. For direct conversion of MEP to nicotinonitrile, an added requirement of the catalyst and process is the dealkylation that must occur concurrently with the selective ammoxidation reaction. 

Nicotinic acid is an important intermediate for pharmaceuticals and serves as a provitamin in food additives for animal feeding. It is produced by the Lonza process (involving oxidation of 2-methyl-5-ethyl pyridine using nitric acid) or by the Degussa process.The latter process involved hydrolysis of P-cyanopyridine, which in turn was produced by amminoxidation of P-picoline. A third process involving selective vapour phase oxidation of P-picoline catalysed by vanadium titanium oxide catalyst has also been described. ... 

NOTE - Petrochemical plants also generate significant amounts of solid wastes and sludges, some of which may be considered hazardous because of the presence of toxic organics and heavy metals. Spent caustic and other hazardous wastes may be generated in significant quantities examples are distillation residues associated with units handling acetaldehyde, acetonitrile, benzyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, cumene, phthallic anhydride, nitrobenzene, methyl ethyl pyridine, toluene diisocyanate, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, perchloro-ethylene, aniline, chlorobenzenes, dimethyl hydrazine, ethylene dibromide, toluenediamine, epichlorohydrin, ethyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, and vinyl chloride. 

Lead hydroxide Litliimn amide Methyl ethyl pyridine Sodamide Sodium cyanide Nitrogen dioxide Nitric acid... 

Bis-(2-bromo-(l-bromomethyl-l-methyl)ethyl)pyridine 78 is a precursor for tetrapodal ligands. Its reaction with an excess of potassium 0-ethyl xanthogenate in DMSO at 70 °C (72 h) gave 2,6-bis-(3-methylthietan-3-yl)pyridine 79 (Equation 24) <2002ZN1256>. The yield of the product was not reported. 

SYNS ALDEHYDECOLLIDIKE ALDEHYDINE COLUDINE, ALDEHYDECOLLIDINE 3-ETHYL-6-METHYLPYRIDINE 5-ETHYL-2-.METHYLPYRIDINE 5-ETHYD2-PICOUNE MEP 2-METHYL-5-ETHYLPYRIDINE 6-METHYL-3-ETHYLPYRIDINE METHYL ETHYL PYRIDINE (DOT) 2-METHYL-5-ETHYLPYRIDINE (DOT)... 

ETHYL(PROPYLAMINO)PHOSPHINOTHIOYL)OXY )-2-BUTENOATE see MKB320 2-METHYL-5-ETHYLPYRIDINE see EOSOOO 6-METHYL-3-ETHYLPYRIDINE see EOSOOO METHYL ETHYL PYRIDINE (DOT) see EOSOOO... 

METHYL ETHYL PYRIDINE or METHYL-2 ETHYL-5 PYRIDINE (French) or 2-METHYL-5-ETHYLPYRIDINE (104-90-5) CgHnN Combustible liquid [explosion limits in air (vol %) 1.1 to 6.6 flashpoint 155°F/68°C also reported at 165°F/73°C autoignition... 

Stripping still tails from the production of methyl ethyl pyridines (T)... 

Oonyrin.—A basic substance produced by distilling coniln with zinc chlorid, is o propyl pyridin. / propyl pyridin is produced from nicotin by passing its vapor through a red-hot tube.. Two isomeric collidins, probably methyl ethyl pyridins, are formed by the action of fused KHO on cinchonin. 

SAN resins show considerable resistance to solvents and are insoluble in carbon tetrachloride, ethyl alcohol, gasoline, and hydrocarbon solvents. They are swelled by solvents such as ben2ene, ether, and toluene. Polar solvents such as acetone, chloroform, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, and pyridine will dissolve SAN (14). The interactions of various solvents and SAN copolymers containing up to 52% acrylonitrile have been studied along with their thermodynamic parameters, ie, the second virial coefficient, free-energy parameter, expansion factor, and intrinsic viscosity (15). 

When exposed to ait, the sodium salts tend to take up moisture and form dihydrates. The alkah metal xanthates are soluble ia water, alcohols, the lower ketones, pyridine, and acetonitrile. They are not particularly soluble ia nonpolar solvents, eg, ether or ligroin. The solubiUties of a number of these salts are Hsted ia Table 4. Potassium isopropyl xanthate is soluble ia acetone to ca 6 wt %, whereas the corresponding methyl, ethyl, / -propyl, n-huty isobutyl, isoamyl, and benzyl [2720-79-8] xanthates are soluble to more than 10 wt % (12). The solubiUties of the commercially available xanthates ia water are plotted versus temperature ia Figure 1 (14). 

As with poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl cinnamate) is prepared by chemical modification of another polymer rather than from monomer . One process is to treat poly(vinyl alcohol) with cinnamoyl chloride and pyridine but this is rather slow. Use of the Schotten Baumann reaction will, however, allow esterification to proceed at a reasonable rate. In one example poly(vinyl alcohol) of degree of polymerisation 1400 and degree of saponification of 95% was dissolved in water. To this was added a concentrated potassium hydroxide solution and then cinnamoyl chloride in methyl ethyl ketone. The product was, in effect a vinyl alcohol-vinyl cinnamate copolymer Figure 14.8)... 

In a typical Knof procedure, 3jS-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one acetate is epoxidized with perbenzoic acid (or m-chloroperbenzoic acid ) to a mixture of 5a,6a- and 5)5,6)5-epoxides (75) in 99 % yield. Subsequent oxidation with aqueous chromium trioxide in methyl ethyl ketone affords the 5a-hydroxy-6-ketone (76) in 89% yield. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the hydroxy ketone (76) with perbenzoic acid (or w-chloroperbenzoic acid ) gives keto acid (77) in 96% yield as a complex with benzoic acid. The benzoic acid can be removed by sublimation or, more conveniently, by treating the complex with benzoyl chloride and pyridine to give the easily isolated )5-lactone (70) in 40% yield. As described in section III-A, pyrolysis of j5-lactone (70) affords A -B-norsteroid (71). Knof used this reaction sequence to prepare 3)5-hydroxy-B-norandrost-5-en-17-one acetate, B-noran-... 

The most thoroughly investigated compounds are the alkyl-pyridines. Coleman and Fuoss compared the reactions of pyridine, 4-picoline, and 4-isopropylpyridine with n-butyl bromide and found a steady increase in the rate in the order given the activation energies are 16.0,15.95, and 15.6 kcal per mole, respectively. Brown and Cahn carried out a detailed study of the reactions of 2-, 3-, and 4-alkyl-pyridines with methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl iodides in nitrobenzene the results are given in Table II. These data show the higher activation... 

In a search for new spasmolytics, Heilbron and Hey and their co-workers synthesized a number of pyridylquinolines by coupling diazotized arainoquinolines with pyridine. Pyridine has also been substituted by the 3-pyridyl radical in the Gomberg reaction, the 2-and 3-substituted products being obtained in 55 and 5% yield, respectively, together with a third product obtained in 20% yield w hich w as tentatively formulated as the 4-isomer. The same radical w as coupled with 4-methyl- and 4-ethyl-pyridine and gave in each case mixtures of the twm possible substitution products in which the radical had coupled predominantly with the carbon atom of pyridine adjacent to the alkyl substituent, as showm in Eq. (19). ... 

This starting material can be prepared as follows, 123 parts of finely powdered 6-amino-2,4-dimethylpyrimidine are suspended in 250 parts of dry pyridine and 222 parts of p-nitroben-zenesulfonyl chloride added at 50°C to 55°C. The whole is then warmed for 2 hours to 55°C, Water is added to the crystalline aggregate obtained, the precipitated bis-N-(p-nitrobenzene-sulfonyl)-6-amino-2,4-dimethylpyrimidine filtered off by suction and washed with water. It is purified by recrystallizing from methyl ethyl ketone. On slowly heating it decomposes on rapidly heating it melts at about 210°C to 215°C with decomposition. 

As a solvent for this reaction, anhydrous methyl ethyl ketone was found satisfactory. Coates (10) determined the rate of hydrolysis of the monothio analog as approximately one fifth that of tetraethyl pyrophosphate under similar conditions. The dithio analog has been prepared (22) in 90% yield from diethyl chlorothiophosphate, water, and pyridine in a modification of the reaction Toy (47) used to make tetraethyl pyrophosphate ... 

Methyl- l-[methyl-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)amino]propane-2-thiol (108) is a tridentate N2S ligand with an aliphatic thiolate ligand. The single-crystal X-ray structures demonstrate that the zinc complexes are close structural analogs of the His2Cys site found in peptide deformylase.873... 

The steric rather than the inductive origin of the secondary deuterium KIE is also suggested because kH/kD = 0.994 per deuterium found in the per-deuteropyridine-methyl iodide reaction is smaller (less inverse) than the kH/kn = 0.988 per deuterium found for the 4-deuteropyridine reaction. A secondary inductive KIE should be more inverse when a deuterium is substituted for a hydrogen nearer the reaction centre, i.e. at the meta- or ortho-rather than at the para-position of the pyridine ring. Thus, if the KIE were inductive in origin, the KIE in the perdeuteropyridine reaction should be more inverse than that observed for the 4-deuteropyridine reaction. If the observed KIE were the result of a steric KIE, on the other hand, a less inverse KIE per deuterium could be found in the perdeuteropyridine reaction, i.e. a less inverse KIE per deuterium would be expected if there were little or no increase in steric hindrance around the C—H(D) bonds as the substrate was converted into the SN2 transition state. Since the KIE per D for the perdeuteropyridine reaction is less than 1%, the transition state must not be sterically crowded and the KIE must be steric in origin. Finally, the secondary deuterium KIEs observed in the reactions between 2-methyl-d3-pyridine and methyl-, ethyl- and isopropyl iodides (entries 3, 7 and 9, Table 17) are not consistent with an inductive KIE. If an inductive KIE were important in these reactions, one would expect the same KIE for all three reactions because the deuteriums would increase the nucleophilicity of the pyridine by the same amount in each reaction. The different KIEs for these three reactions are consistent with a steric KIE because the most inverse KIE is observed in the isopropyl iodide reaction, which would be expected to have the most crowded transition state, and the least inverse KIE is found in the methyl iodide reaction, where the transition state is the least crowded. 

The extraction of TcO with methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, and pyridine results in a ruthenium decontamination factor of about 10 . Another effective separation method is based on the extraction of technetium as triphenylguanidinium pertechnetate from sulfuric acid by means of chlorex ()S-chloroethyl ether). Pertechnetate can be re-extracted with 3 N NH OH solution . 

---