Total Acidity as Sulfuric Acid

Tolyltetrazolonimide. See under Amino-tolyltetrazoles A265-R Total Acidity as Nitric Acid A88-R Total Acidity as Sulfuric Acid A89-L Total Actual Acidity ApO-L Total Nitric as Nitric Acid A88 A89 Total Sulfuric as Sulfuric Acid A89 Transannular Photoperoxide of Anthracene A458-R... 

TAS—total acidity as sulfuric,TNN—total nitric as nitric.TNS-total nitric as sulfuric,... 

Plants can also be pests that need to be controlled, particulady noxious weeds infesting food crops. Prior to 1900, inorganic compounds such as sulfuric acid, copper nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and potassium salts were used to selectively control mustards and other broadleaved weeds in cereal grains. By the early 1900s, Kainite and calcium cyanamid were also used in monocotyledenous crops, as well as iron sulfate, copper sulfate, and sodium arsenate. Prom 1915 to 1925, acid arsenical sprays, carbon bisulfate, sodium chlorate, and others were introduced for weed control use. Total or nonselective herbicides kill all vegetation, whereas selective compounds control weeds without adversely affecting the growth of the crop (see Herbicides). 

Figure 9 shows the sampling train for sulfuric acid mist collection (13). The first impinger contains 80 wt % isopropyl alcohol and the second and third contain 3 wt % H2O2. The first impinger and filter retain the acid mist and SO the next two retain the SO2. After sampling, the filter is added to the contents of the first impinger and the total acid is titrated and reported as sulfuric acid. 

Historically, consumption of sulfuric acid has been a good measure of a country s degree of iadustrialization and also a good iadicator of general busiaess conditions. This is far less vaUd ia the 1990s, because of the heavy sulfuric acid usage by the phosphate fertilizer iadustry. Of total U.S. sulfuric acid consumption ia 1994 of 42.5 x 10 metric tons, over 70% went iato phosphate fertilizers as compared to 45% ia 1970 and 64% ia 1980 (144). Uses other than fertilizer have grown only slowly or declined. This trend is expected to continue. Production and consumption trends ia the United States are shown ia Tables 9 and 10. 

The total acidity as H2S04 the total sulfuric as H2S04, and the nitrosyl-sulfuric acid having been determined by titration, the HNOg and H O are calculated by difference Assume ... 

In case of fuming sulfuric acid (oleum) not contg any other acids, total acidity is higher than 100 5 and w content will be expressed as a negative value, such as -5.50%. It is customary with such acids to express their acidity in terms of 30, as,... 

ASM—actual sulfuric as nitric, ASS—actual sulfuric as sulfuric,MA—mixed acid,N normality of std soln,N A—nitric acid, N-so—nitroso, R-burette reading,SA—sulfuric acid.TA— total acidity, TAA-total actual acidity (the sum of actual sulfuric, actual nitric and actual nitroso),TAN—total acidity as nitric,... 

TSS—total sulfuric as sulfuric,W-weight of sample (See also under individual acids and their mixtures)... 

Even prior to Pasteur, alcohol content determination was important as a basis for local, import, and export taxes. Other important applications of accurate wine analysis have been to detect and to accurately determine food additives now there are legal reasons for analyzing wines for sulfur dioxide, organic chloride or bromide, sodium, cyanide, diglucoside pigments, various insecticides, fungicides, etc. Winery control calls for analytical determination of iron, copper, protein, total acidity, pH, tartaric, malic and lactic acids, etc. Finally, quality control... 

Total Acid. Simple titration procedures are used to determine total acidity. Problems arise because of the widely varying amounts of different acids in wines tartaric, malic, citric, lactic, succinic, acetic, etc. Different pKtt values for these acids make it impossible to predetermine easily the correct pH of the endpoint. Since a strong base is being used to titrate relatively weak acids, the endpoint will be greater than pH 7. In this country phenolphthalein (8.3) or cresol red (7.7) endpoints or a pH meter to 9.0 have been used (3, 6, 12, 76, 77) and the results are expressed as tartaric acid. The result at pH 7.7 X 1.05 approximately equals the result of titrating to pH 8.4. In Europe pH 7 is usually the endpoint, in France the results are expressed as sulfuric acid, and in Germany as tartaric or in milliequivalents (78). 

Dehydrating Value of Sulfuric (DVS) in Mixed Acids. In the process of nitration of aliphatic alcohols (such as glycerin, glycols, etc), it is necessary to know the exact composition of the nitrating acid. In the analysis of such acid, known as mixed acid (MA), the vollowing values must be detd TA (total acidity), TS (total sulfuric), IN (total nitric), AS (actual sulfuric),... 

Example A cooling system operating at 4x cycles requires 5000 nv /day of makeup water, of 160 ppm total alkalinity (as CaCO3/. How much sulfuric acid of 98% strength is required per day to maintain the cooling water total alkalinity within the range of 60 to 100 ppm ... 

In addition to ice formation, salts also precipitate as these solutions are lofted to higher altitudes. A consequence of the formation of these solid phases (ice and salts) and the low-temperature eutectics of strong acids (Fig. 3.5) is that the atmospheric solutions become more and more acidic with altitude (Fig. 5.8). For example, the final elevation (temperature) examined is 11.54 km (—50 °C). At this point, the calculated concentrations of the Hubbard Brook solution are H+ = 7.55m with acid anions (Cl-, NO3, SO4-, HSOJ) = 7.91m. Similarly, for the Mt. Sonnblick solution, H+ = 6.50 m and acid anions = 6.90 m. These acidic trends are in line with stratospheric chemistries, which are predominantly sulfuric/nitric acid aerosols (Carslaw et al. 1997). For example, the total acid concentration at 20.7km in the stratosphere is 10.17m (calculated from fig. 7 in Carslaw et al. 1997), which is in line with our lower atmospheric concentrations. 

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